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next neighbor

  • 1 proximus or proxumus

        proximus or proxumus adj. sup.    [prope], the nearest, next: vicinus, next neighbor, T.: oppida, Cs.: mare, S.: iter in Galliam, most direct, Cs.: paries cum proximus ardet, adjoining, H.: ex proximo vicini fundo deiectus: Belgae proximi sunt Germanis, Cs.: Proxima Campano ponti villula, close, H.: ager qui proximus finem Megalopolitarum est, L.: dactylus proximus a postremo, next to the last: proximus a dominā, O.: regio ab eā (urbe), Cu.—As subst m.: ut proximi iacentibus insisterent, those nearest, Cs.: ab proximis impetrare, their nearest neighbors, Cs.—As subst n., the neighborhood, vicinity, nearest place: quom in proximo hic sit aegra, next door, T.: vastatis proximis Illyrici, adjoining districts, L.—Fig., in time, the previous, last, latest, most recent: optime proximo civili bello de re p. meritus: proximis superioribus diebus: bellum tanto maiore quam proximo conatu apparatum est (i. e. quam proximo anno), L.: censor qui proximus ante me fuerat.— The next, following, ensuing, coming: proximā nocte, on the next night, Cs.: silentio proximae noctis editum vocem, L.: in proxumum annum consulatum petere: in proximum (sc. diem), Cu.—In order or rank, the next: summa necessitudo videtur esse honestatis, huic proxima incolumitatis: prima volnera... Proxima, O.: Proximos illi tamen occupavit Pallas honores, H.: proximum est ergo, ut quaeramus, we must next inquire: proximum est, ut doceam, etc., the next point is.—In value or merit, the next, nearest, most like: ut id habendum sit eo proximum, quod sit optimum: non nasci homini optimum est, proximum autem, etc., next best: proxima Phoebi Versibus ille facit, V.: proximum vero est, Porsinnam dedisse, etc., nearest the truth, L.—In relationship, the nearest, next, closest, next of kin, most like: illi genere, T.: cognatione: propinquitate, N.; cf. Negabat illa se esse culpae proximam, i. e. guilty, Ph.—As subst m., a near relation, next of kin: quaesivit proximum, paene alterum filium: iniuriosi in proximos: responderunt proximi, Ph.— Most devoted, most faithful: in dis patriis repetendis proximus fuit.

    Latin-English dictionary > proximus or proxumus

  • 2 propior

    prŏpĭor, ĭus, gen. ōris, adj. comp., and proxĭmus, a, um, adj. sup. (v. below, II.) [from the obsol. propis; whence prope].
    I.
    Comp., nearer, nigher.
    A.
    Lit., of place:

    portus propior,

    Verg. A. 3, 530:

    tumulus,

    Liv. 22, 24:

    ut propior patriae sit fuga nostra,

    Ov. P. 1, 2, 130:

    domus,

    Sall. H. 2, 40 Dietsch:

    cum propior caliginis aër Ater init oculos,

    Lucr. 4, 338 (314).—With acc.:

    propior montem suos collocat,

    Sall. J. 49, 1:

    propior hostem,

    Hirt. B. G. 8, 9.—With ab:

    quisquis ab igne propior stetit,

    Sen. Ep. 74, 4.—With inf.:

    propior timeri,

    Stat. Th. 12, 223.— Neutr. plur, subst.: prŏpĭōra, um, places lying near:

    propiora fluminis,

    Tac. H. 5, 16:

    tenere,

    Verg. A. 5, 168.—
    B.
    Trop.
    1.
    Of time, nearer, later, more recent:

    veniunt inde ad propiora,

    Cic. Tusc. 1, 48, 116:

    venio ad propiorem (epistulam),

    id. Att. 15, 3, 2:

    propior puero quam juveni,

    Vell. 2, 53, 1:

    septimus octavo jam propior annus,

    Hor. S. 2, 6, 40; id. C. 3, 15, 4:

    mors,

    Tib. 2, 3, 42:

    propiore aut longiore tempore aliquid facere,

    Dig. 23, 4, 17.—
    2.
    Of relationship, nearer, more nearly related; with dat.:

    quibus propior P. Quintio nemo est,

    Cic. Quint. 31, 97:

    ille gradu propior sanguinis,

    Ov. H. 3, 28; 16, 326; 20, 158:

    amicus,

    Hor. Ep. 1, 9, 5.—
    3.
    Of resemblance, more nearly resembling, more like (class.); with dat.:

    quae sceleri propiora sunt, quam religioni,

    Cic. Verr. 2, 4, 50, § 112:

    tauro,

    Verg. G. 3, 57:

    vero est propius,

    more probable, Liv. 4, 37; Ov. F. 4, 801; Tac. A. 13, 34; id. G. 45:

    scribere Sermoni propiora,

    Hor. S. 1, 4, 42.—With acc. (not in Cic.):

    propius est fidem,

    is more credible, Liv. 4, 17:

    quod tamen vitium propius virtutem erat,

    Sall. C. 11, 1.—
    4.
    Of relation or connection, nearer, more nearly related, affecting or concerning more nearly, of greater import, closer, more intimate:

    hunc priorem aequom'st me habere: tunica propior pallio est, proverbially,

    my shirt is nearer than my coat, Plaut. Trin. 5, 2, 30:

    propior societas eorum, qui ejusdem civitatis,

    Cic. Off. 3, 17, 69:

    sua sibi propiora pericula esse, quam mea,

    id. Sest. 18, 40:

    alium portum propiorem huic aetati videbamus,

    id. Att. 14, 19, 1:

    damnum propius medullis,

    Hor. Ep. 1, 10, 28:

    cura propior luctusque domesticus,

    Ov. M. 13, 578; id. P. 4, 9, 71:

    supplemento vel Latium propius esse,

    Liv. 8, 11:

    irae quam timori propiorem cernens,

    more inclined to anger than to fear, Tac. A. 16, 9: oderat Aenean propior Saturnia Turno, more inclined or attached to, Ov. Tr. 1, 2, 7.—Hence, adv.: prŏpĭus, more nearly, nearer, closer (class.).
    A.
    Lit.
    1.
    Absol.:

    propius accedamus,

    Ter. Ad. 3, 2, 11; Ov. M. 2, 41:

    res adspicere,

    Verg. A. 1, 526:

    propius spectare aliquid,

    Hor. Ep. 1, 1, 67;

    stare,

    id. A. P. 361.—
    2.
    With dat., nearer to: propius grammatico accessi, Cic. ap. Diom. p. 405 P. (not elsewhere in Cic.):

    propius Tiberi quam Thermopylis,

    Nep. Hann. 8, 3:

    propius stabulis armenta tenerent,

    Verg. G. 1, 355.—
    3.
    With acc.:

    ne propius se castra moveret,

    Caes. B. G. 4, 9:

    pars insulae, quae est propius solis occasum,

    id. ib. 4, 28: propius aliquem accedere, id. ib. 5, 36:

    propius urbem,

    Cic. Phil. 7, 9, 26:

    mare,

    Sall. J. 18, 9.—
    4.
    With ab:

    propius a terris,

    Cic. N. D. 1, 31, 87:

    antiquitas quo propius aberat ab ortu et divinā progenie, hoc melius ea cernebat,

    id. Tusc. 1, 12, 26:

    ab Urbe,

    Plin. 17, 25, 38, § 243.—
    B.
    Trop.:

    ut propius ad ea accedam, quae a te dicta sunt,

    Cic. Fin. 4, 10, 24; Sen. Ira, 3, 42, 4; Cic. Part. 36, 124:

    propius accedo: nego esse illa testimonia,

    id. Fl. 10, 23:

    a contumeliā quam a laude propius fuerit post Vitellium eligi,

    Tac. H. 2, 76:

    nec quicquam propius est factum, quam ut illum persequeretur,

    he was within an ace of following him, Cic. Clu. 21, 59; so,

    propius nihil est factum, quam ut occideretur,

    id. Q. Fr. 1, 2, 5, § 15.
    II.
    Sup.: proxĭmus (PROXVMVS and PROXSVMEIS, Tab. Bant.; late comp. proximior, Sen. Ep. 108, 16; Ulp. ap. Prisc. p. 607 P.; v. below, B. 2. and 3.; cf. in adv. 2. c.), a, um, adj., the nearest, next (class.).
    A.
    Lit., of place:

    proxima oppida,

    Caes. B. G. 3, 12:

    via,

    Lucr. 5, 103; cf.:

    via ad gloriam proxima et quasi compendiaria,

    Cic. Off. 2, 12, 43:

    ad proximum mare, dein Romam pergerent,

    Sall. J. 23, 2:

    in proximos collis discedunt,

    id. ib. 54, 10:

    proximum iter in Galliam,

    Caes. B. G. 1, 10:

    paries cum proximus ardet,

    Hor. Ep. 1, 18, 84:

    agri termini,

    id. C. 2, 18, 23:

    proximus vicinus,

    one's nearest neighbor, Plaut. Most. 3, 1, 138; Ter. Hec. 1, 2, 49; Cic. Att. 2, 14, 2; Dig. 50, 15, 4.—With dat.:

    Belgae proximi sunt Germanis,

    Caes. B. G. 1, 1: huic proximum inferiorem orbem tenet puroeis, Cic. N. D. 2, 20, 53:

    proxima Campano ponti villula,

    Hor. S. 1, 5, 45.—With acc. (not in Cic.):

    qui te proximus est,

    Plaut. Poen. 5, 3, 1:

    ager proximus finem Megalopolitarum,

    Liv. 35, 27:

    Crassus proximus mare Oceanum hiemarat,

    Caes. B. G. 3, 7, 2:

    qui proximi forte tribunal steterant,

    Liv. 8, 32, 12.—With ab, nearest to, next to:

    dactylus proximus a postremo,

    next before, Cic. Or. 64, 217:

    ut quisque proximus ab oppresso sit,

    Liv. 37, 25:

    proximus a dominā,

    Ov. A. A. 1, 139:

    proxima regio ab eā (urbe),

    Curt. 10, 5, 18. —Hence, as subst.,
    1.
    proxĭmus, i, m., a neighbor, a fellow-man, Val. Max. 6, 9 init.; Quint. Decl. 259.—As subst.,
    2.
    proxĭmum, i, n., the neighborhood, vicinity:

    vicinus e proximo,

    hard by, Plaut. Aul. 2, 4, 11:

    aquam hinc de proximo rogabo,

    from the house next door, id. Rud. 2, 3, 73:

    cum in proximo hic sit aegra,

    close by, next door, Ter. Hec. 3, 2, 6:

    huic locum in proximum conduxi,

    Cic. Fil. Fam. 16, 21, 4:

    per impluvium huc despexi in proximum,

    into our neighbor's, Plaut. Mil. 2, 3, 16.— Plur.:

    traicit in proxima continentis,

    Liv. 31, 46, 12.—
    B.
    Trop.
    1.
    Of time, the next preceding or following, the previous, last, the next, the following, ensuing:

    quid proximā, quid superiore nocte egeris,

    Cic. Cat. 1, 1, 1:

    his proximis Nonis, cum in hortos Bruti venissemus,

    id. Lael. 2, 7:

    Gabinius quem proximis superioribus diebus acerrime oppugnasset,

    id. Fam. 1, 9, 20: se proximā nocte castra moturum, on the next, i.e. the following night, Caes. B. G. 1, 40 fin.; 2, 12; 3, 18; Liv. 2, 7, 1:

    proximo anno,

    Sall. J. 35, 2; Plin. 17, 23, 35, § 208:

    in proxumum annum (se) transtulit,

    Cic. Mil. 9, 24:

    proximo, altero, tertio, denique reliquis consecutis diebus,

    id. Phil. 1, 13, 32:

    bello tanto majore quam proximo conatu apparatum est,

    Liv. 4, 23, 6 Weissenb. ad loc.: IN DIEBVS V. PROXSVMEIS QVIBVS QVISQVE EORVM MAG (istratum) INIERIT, Tab. Bantin. lin. 14; so ib. lin. 12; Cic. Fam. 10, 26, 2; id. Att. 11, 11, 1:

    censor qui proximus ante me fuerat,

    id. Sen. 12, 42: die proximi, old abl. form for proximo, Cato ap. Gell. 10, 24, 10, and ap. Non. 153, 11; cf.:

    crastinus, pristinus, etc., but proximo a. d. VI. Kal. Octobr.,

    recently, last of all, Cic. Att. 18, 5.—
    2.
    In order of succession, rank, estimation, worth, etc., the next:

    summa necessitudo videtur esse honestatis: huic proxima incolumitatis: tertia ac levissima commoditatis,

    Cic. Inv. 2, 58, 173:

    observat L. Domitium maxime, me habet proximum,

    id. Att. 1, 1, 3:

    proximos dentes eiciunt,

    Varr. R. R. 2, 7, 2:

    prima vulnera... Proxima,

    Ov. M. 3, 233:

    proximos illi tamen occupavit Pallas honores,

    Hor. C. 1, 12, 19: proximum est, ut, it follows that, remains that, the next point is: proximum est ergo, ut, opus fuerit classe necne quaeramus, we must next inquire, Cic. Fl. 12, 27:

    proximum est, ut doceam, deorum providentiā mundum administrari,

    id. N. D. 2, 29, 73.—Of value or quality, the next, most nearly approaching, most like or similar:

    id habendum est antiquissimum et deo proximum, quod est optimum,

    Cic. Leg. 2, 16, 40:

    ficta voluptatis causā sint proxima veris,

    Hor. A. P. 338:

    proxima Phoebi Versibus ille facit,

    Verg. E. 7, 22.— Comp.:

    ut quorum abstinentiam interrupi, modum servem et quidem abstinentiae proximiorem,

    Sen. Ep. 108, 16.—
    3.
    In relationship, connection, or resemblance, the nearest, next, most nearly or closely related, next of kin, most like:

    AGNATVS PROXIMVS, Fragm. XII. Tabularum: hic illi genere est proximus,

    Ter. Ad. 4, 5, 17:

    proximus cognatione,

    Cic. Inv. 2, 49, 144:

    id des proximum,

    id. Leg. 2, 16, 40:

    proxima virtutibus vitia,

    Quint. 10, 2, 16:

    propinquitate,

    Nep. Ages. 1, 3:

    proximae necessitudines,

    Petr. 116.— Comp.: si quis proximior cognatus nasceretur, Ulp. ap. Prisc. p. 607 P.— Subst.: proxĭmi, ōrum, m., one's nearest relatives, next of kin:

    injuriosi sunt in proximos,

    Cic. Off. 1, 14, 44; Caes. Fragm. ap. Gell. 5, 13, 6; Phaedr. 5, 1, 16:

    cum haec omnia cumulate tuis proximis plana fecero,

    i.e. to your friends, intimates, Cic. Verr. 2, 5, 64, § 165; id. Pis. 32, 79; Gell. 3, 8, 3.—
    b.
    In gen., one's neighbor, fellow-man:

    sive nostros status, sive proximorum ingenia contemplamur,

    Val. Max. 6, 9, 1; Quint. Decl. 2, 59:

    quis est mihi proximus?

    Aug. in Psa. 118; Serm. 8, 2; 90, 7 init. —
    4.
    That is nearest at hand, i. e. apt, fit, suitable, convenient, easy (anteand post-class.):

    argumentum,

    App. Mag. p. 278:

    cum obvium proximumque esset dicere, etc.,

    Gell. 3, 14, 12: eamus ad me;

    ibi proximum est, ubi mutes,

    there is the fittest, most convenient place, Ter. Eun. 3, 5, 64.— Adv.: proxĭmē (proxume; comp. proximius, v. below, 2. c.), nearest, very near, next.
    1.
    Lit., of place, with dat. (not in Cic., rare in Livy):

    quam proxime potest hostium castris castra communit,

    Caes. B. C. 1, 72 fin.; Liv. 25, 14, 4.—With acc.:

    exercitum habere quam proxime hostem,

    Cic. Att. 6, 5, 3:

    proxime Pompeium sedebam,

    id. ib. 1, 14, 3:

    proxime Hispaniam Mauri sunt,

    Sall. J. 19, 4.—With ab:

    a Surā proxime est Philiscum oppidum Parthorum,

    Plin. 5, 26, 21, § 89:

    omnes tamen quam proxime alter ab altero debent habitare,

    Col. 1, 6, 8.—
    2.
    Trop.
    a.
    Of time, shortly before or after, last, next:

    civitates quae proxime bellum fecerant,

    Caes. B. G. 3, 29:

    Tito fratre suo censore, qui proximus ante me fuerat,

    Cic. Sen. 12, 42; id. Part. 39, 137; Plin. Ep. 4, 13, 3:

    cum proxime judices contrahentur,

    id. ib. 5, 7, 3.—With acc.:

    proxime abstinentiam sumendus est cibus exiguus,

    Cels. 3, 2:

    proxime solis occasum,

    Pall. 9, 8, 5.—
    b.
    Of order, rank, estimation, condition, etc., next to, next after, next:

    proxime et secundum deos homines hominibus maxime utiles esse possunt,

    Cic. Off. 2, 3, 1:

    me huic tuae virtuti proxime accedere,

    id. Fam. 11, 21, 4:

    proxime a nobilissimis viris,

    Vell. 2, 124, 4; id. 2, 127, 1:

    proxime valent cetera lauri genera,

    Plin. 23, 8, 80, § 158: utilissimum esse omphacium;

    proxime viride,

    id. 23, 4, 39, § 79.—With acc.: esse etiam debent proxime hos cari, qui, etc., Cass. ap. Cic. Fam. 12, 13, 2:

    proxime morem Romanum,

    closely following the Roman method, Liv. 24, 48, 11:

    erat res minime certamini navali similis, proxime speciem muros oppugnantium navium,

    closely resembling, id. 30, 10.—In this sense also with atque:

    proxime atque ille aut aeque,

    nearly the same as he, Cic. Fam. 9, 13, 2.—
    c.
    Very closely, nicely, accurately:

    ut proxime utriusque differentiam signem,

    Quint. 6, 2, 20 Spald.; cf.:

    analogia, quam proxime ex Graeco transferentes in Latinum proportionem vocaverunt,

    id. 1, 6, 3. — Comp.:

    nonne apertius, proximius, verius?

    Min. Fel. Oct. 19.

    Lewis & Short latin dictionary > propior

  • 3 propiora

    prŏpĭor, ĭus, gen. ōris, adj. comp., and proxĭmus, a, um, adj. sup. (v. below, II.) [from the obsol. propis; whence prope].
    I.
    Comp., nearer, nigher.
    A.
    Lit., of place:

    portus propior,

    Verg. A. 3, 530:

    tumulus,

    Liv. 22, 24:

    ut propior patriae sit fuga nostra,

    Ov. P. 1, 2, 130:

    domus,

    Sall. H. 2, 40 Dietsch:

    cum propior caliginis aër Ater init oculos,

    Lucr. 4, 338 (314).—With acc.:

    propior montem suos collocat,

    Sall. J. 49, 1:

    propior hostem,

    Hirt. B. G. 8, 9.—With ab:

    quisquis ab igne propior stetit,

    Sen. Ep. 74, 4.—With inf.:

    propior timeri,

    Stat. Th. 12, 223.— Neutr. plur, subst.: prŏpĭōra, um, places lying near:

    propiora fluminis,

    Tac. H. 5, 16:

    tenere,

    Verg. A. 5, 168.—
    B.
    Trop.
    1.
    Of time, nearer, later, more recent:

    veniunt inde ad propiora,

    Cic. Tusc. 1, 48, 116:

    venio ad propiorem (epistulam),

    id. Att. 15, 3, 2:

    propior puero quam juveni,

    Vell. 2, 53, 1:

    septimus octavo jam propior annus,

    Hor. S. 2, 6, 40; id. C. 3, 15, 4:

    mors,

    Tib. 2, 3, 42:

    propiore aut longiore tempore aliquid facere,

    Dig. 23, 4, 17.—
    2.
    Of relationship, nearer, more nearly related; with dat.:

    quibus propior P. Quintio nemo est,

    Cic. Quint. 31, 97:

    ille gradu propior sanguinis,

    Ov. H. 3, 28; 16, 326; 20, 158:

    amicus,

    Hor. Ep. 1, 9, 5.—
    3.
    Of resemblance, more nearly resembling, more like (class.); with dat.:

    quae sceleri propiora sunt, quam religioni,

    Cic. Verr. 2, 4, 50, § 112:

    tauro,

    Verg. G. 3, 57:

    vero est propius,

    more probable, Liv. 4, 37; Ov. F. 4, 801; Tac. A. 13, 34; id. G. 45:

    scribere Sermoni propiora,

    Hor. S. 1, 4, 42.—With acc. (not in Cic.):

    propius est fidem,

    is more credible, Liv. 4, 17:

    quod tamen vitium propius virtutem erat,

    Sall. C. 11, 1.—
    4.
    Of relation or connection, nearer, more nearly related, affecting or concerning more nearly, of greater import, closer, more intimate:

    hunc priorem aequom'st me habere: tunica propior pallio est, proverbially,

    my shirt is nearer than my coat, Plaut. Trin. 5, 2, 30:

    propior societas eorum, qui ejusdem civitatis,

    Cic. Off. 3, 17, 69:

    sua sibi propiora pericula esse, quam mea,

    id. Sest. 18, 40:

    alium portum propiorem huic aetati videbamus,

    id. Att. 14, 19, 1:

    damnum propius medullis,

    Hor. Ep. 1, 10, 28:

    cura propior luctusque domesticus,

    Ov. M. 13, 578; id. P. 4, 9, 71:

    supplemento vel Latium propius esse,

    Liv. 8, 11:

    irae quam timori propiorem cernens,

    more inclined to anger than to fear, Tac. A. 16, 9: oderat Aenean propior Saturnia Turno, more inclined or attached to, Ov. Tr. 1, 2, 7.—Hence, adv.: prŏpĭus, more nearly, nearer, closer (class.).
    A.
    Lit.
    1.
    Absol.:

    propius accedamus,

    Ter. Ad. 3, 2, 11; Ov. M. 2, 41:

    res adspicere,

    Verg. A. 1, 526:

    propius spectare aliquid,

    Hor. Ep. 1, 1, 67;

    stare,

    id. A. P. 361.—
    2.
    With dat., nearer to: propius grammatico accessi, Cic. ap. Diom. p. 405 P. (not elsewhere in Cic.):

    propius Tiberi quam Thermopylis,

    Nep. Hann. 8, 3:

    propius stabulis armenta tenerent,

    Verg. G. 1, 355.—
    3.
    With acc.:

    ne propius se castra moveret,

    Caes. B. G. 4, 9:

    pars insulae, quae est propius solis occasum,

    id. ib. 4, 28: propius aliquem accedere, id. ib. 5, 36:

    propius urbem,

    Cic. Phil. 7, 9, 26:

    mare,

    Sall. J. 18, 9.—
    4.
    With ab:

    propius a terris,

    Cic. N. D. 1, 31, 87:

    antiquitas quo propius aberat ab ortu et divinā progenie, hoc melius ea cernebat,

    id. Tusc. 1, 12, 26:

    ab Urbe,

    Plin. 17, 25, 38, § 243.—
    B.
    Trop.:

    ut propius ad ea accedam, quae a te dicta sunt,

    Cic. Fin. 4, 10, 24; Sen. Ira, 3, 42, 4; Cic. Part. 36, 124:

    propius accedo: nego esse illa testimonia,

    id. Fl. 10, 23:

    a contumeliā quam a laude propius fuerit post Vitellium eligi,

    Tac. H. 2, 76:

    nec quicquam propius est factum, quam ut illum persequeretur,

    he was within an ace of following him, Cic. Clu. 21, 59; so,

    propius nihil est factum, quam ut occideretur,

    id. Q. Fr. 1, 2, 5, § 15.
    II.
    Sup.: proxĭmus (PROXVMVS and PROXSVMEIS, Tab. Bant.; late comp. proximior, Sen. Ep. 108, 16; Ulp. ap. Prisc. p. 607 P.; v. below, B. 2. and 3.; cf. in adv. 2. c.), a, um, adj., the nearest, next (class.).
    A.
    Lit., of place:

    proxima oppida,

    Caes. B. G. 3, 12:

    via,

    Lucr. 5, 103; cf.:

    via ad gloriam proxima et quasi compendiaria,

    Cic. Off. 2, 12, 43:

    ad proximum mare, dein Romam pergerent,

    Sall. J. 23, 2:

    in proximos collis discedunt,

    id. ib. 54, 10:

    proximum iter in Galliam,

    Caes. B. G. 1, 10:

    paries cum proximus ardet,

    Hor. Ep. 1, 18, 84:

    agri termini,

    id. C. 2, 18, 23:

    proximus vicinus,

    one's nearest neighbor, Plaut. Most. 3, 1, 138; Ter. Hec. 1, 2, 49; Cic. Att. 2, 14, 2; Dig. 50, 15, 4.—With dat.:

    Belgae proximi sunt Germanis,

    Caes. B. G. 1, 1: huic proximum inferiorem orbem tenet puroeis, Cic. N. D. 2, 20, 53:

    proxima Campano ponti villula,

    Hor. S. 1, 5, 45.—With acc. (not in Cic.):

    qui te proximus est,

    Plaut. Poen. 5, 3, 1:

    ager proximus finem Megalopolitarum,

    Liv. 35, 27:

    Crassus proximus mare Oceanum hiemarat,

    Caes. B. G. 3, 7, 2:

    qui proximi forte tribunal steterant,

    Liv. 8, 32, 12.—With ab, nearest to, next to:

    dactylus proximus a postremo,

    next before, Cic. Or. 64, 217:

    ut quisque proximus ab oppresso sit,

    Liv. 37, 25:

    proximus a dominā,

    Ov. A. A. 1, 139:

    proxima regio ab eā (urbe),

    Curt. 10, 5, 18. —Hence, as subst.,
    1.
    proxĭmus, i, m., a neighbor, a fellow-man, Val. Max. 6, 9 init.; Quint. Decl. 259.—As subst.,
    2.
    proxĭmum, i, n., the neighborhood, vicinity:

    vicinus e proximo,

    hard by, Plaut. Aul. 2, 4, 11:

    aquam hinc de proximo rogabo,

    from the house next door, id. Rud. 2, 3, 73:

    cum in proximo hic sit aegra,

    close by, next door, Ter. Hec. 3, 2, 6:

    huic locum in proximum conduxi,

    Cic. Fil. Fam. 16, 21, 4:

    per impluvium huc despexi in proximum,

    into our neighbor's, Plaut. Mil. 2, 3, 16.— Plur.:

    traicit in proxima continentis,

    Liv. 31, 46, 12.—
    B.
    Trop.
    1.
    Of time, the next preceding or following, the previous, last, the next, the following, ensuing:

    quid proximā, quid superiore nocte egeris,

    Cic. Cat. 1, 1, 1:

    his proximis Nonis, cum in hortos Bruti venissemus,

    id. Lael. 2, 7:

    Gabinius quem proximis superioribus diebus acerrime oppugnasset,

    id. Fam. 1, 9, 20: se proximā nocte castra moturum, on the next, i.e. the following night, Caes. B. G. 1, 40 fin.; 2, 12; 3, 18; Liv. 2, 7, 1:

    proximo anno,

    Sall. J. 35, 2; Plin. 17, 23, 35, § 208:

    in proxumum annum (se) transtulit,

    Cic. Mil. 9, 24:

    proximo, altero, tertio, denique reliquis consecutis diebus,

    id. Phil. 1, 13, 32:

    bello tanto majore quam proximo conatu apparatum est,

    Liv. 4, 23, 6 Weissenb. ad loc.: IN DIEBVS V. PROXSVMEIS QVIBVS QVISQVE EORVM MAG (istratum) INIERIT, Tab. Bantin. lin. 14; so ib. lin. 12; Cic. Fam. 10, 26, 2; id. Att. 11, 11, 1:

    censor qui proximus ante me fuerat,

    id. Sen. 12, 42: die proximi, old abl. form for proximo, Cato ap. Gell. 10, 24, 10, and ap. Non. 153, 11; cf.:

    crastinus, pristinus, etc., but proximo a. d. VI. Kal. Octobr.,

    recently, last of all, Cic. Att. 18, 5.—
    2.
    In order of succession, rank, estimation, worth, etc., the next:

    summa necessitudo videtur esse honestatis: huic proxima incolumitatis: tertia ac levissima commoditatis,

    Cic. Inv. 2, 58, 173:

    observat L. Domitium maxime, me habet proximum,

    id. Att. 1, 1, 3:

    proximos dentes eiciunt,

    Varr. R. R. 2, 7, 2:

    prima vulnera... Proxima,

    Ov. M. 3, 233:

    proximos illi tamen occupavit Pallas honores,

    Hor. C. 1, 12, 19: proximum est, ut, it follows that, remains that, the next point is: proximum est ergo, ut, opus fuerit classe necne quaeramus, we must next inquire, Cic. Fl. 12, 27:

    proximum est, ut doceam, deorum providentiā mundum administrari,

    id. N. D. 2, 29, 73.—Of value or quality, the next, most nearly approaching, most like or similar:

    id habendum est antiquissimum et deo proximum, quod est optimum,

    Cic. Leg. 2, 16, 40:

    ficta voluptatis causā sint proxima veris,

    Hor. A. P. 338:

    proxima Phoebi Versibus ille facit,

    Verg. E. 7, 22.— Comp.:

    ut quorum abstinentiam interrupi, modum servem et quidem abstinentiae proximiorem,

    Sen. Ep. 108, 16.—
    3.
    In relationship, connection, or resemblance, the nearest, next, most nearly or closely related, next of kin, most like:

    AGNATVS PROXIMVS, Fragm. XII. Tabularum: hic illi genere est proximus,

    Ter. Ad. 4, 5, 17:

    proximus cognatione,

    Cic. Inv. 2, 49, 144:

    id des proximum,

    id. Leg. 2, 16, 40:

    proxima virtutibus vitia,

    Quint. 10, 2, 16:

    propinquitate,

    Nep. Ages. 1, 3:

    proximae necessitudines,

    Petr. 116.— Comp.: si quis proximior cognatus nasceretur, Ulp. ap. Prisc. p. 607 P.— Subst.: proxĭmi, ōrum, m., one's nearest relatives, next of kin:

    injuriosi sunt in proximos,

    Cic. Off. 1, 14, 44; Caes. Fragm. ap. Gell. 5, 13, 6; Phaedr. 5, 1, 16:

    cum haec omnia cumulate tuis proximis plana fecero,

    i.e. to your friends, intimates, Cic. Verr. 2, 5, 64, § 165; id. Pis. 32, 79; Gell. 3, 8, 3.—
    b.
    In gen., one's neighbor, fellow-man:

    sive nostros status, sive proximorum ingenia contemplamur,

    Val. Max. 6, 9, 1; Quint. Decl. 2, 59:

    quis est mihi proximus?

    Aug. in Psa. 118; Serm. 8, 2; 90, 7 init. —
    4.
    That is nearest at hand, i. e. apt, fit, suitable, convenient, easy (anteand post-class.):

    argumentum,

    App. Mag. p. 278:

    cum obvium proximumque esset dicere, etc.,

    Gell. 3, 14, 12: eamus ad me;

    ibi proximum est, ubi mutes,

    there is the fittest, most convenient place, Ter. Eun. 3, 5, 64.— Adv.: proxĭmē (proxume; comp. proximius, v. below, 2. c.), nearest, very near, next.
    1.
    Lit., of place, with dat. (not in Cic., rare in Livy):

    quam proxime potest hostium castris castra communit,

    Caes. B. C. 1, 72 fin.; Liv. 25, 14, 4.—With acc.:

    exercitum habere quam proxime hostem,

    Cic. Att. 6, 5, 3:

    proxime Pompeium sedebam,

    id. ib. 1, 14, 3:

    proxime Hispaniam Mauri sunt,

    Sall. J. 19, 4.—With ab:

    a Surā proxime est Philiscum oppidum Parthorum,

    Plin. 5, 26, 21, § 89:

    omnes tamen quam proxime alter ab altero debent habitare,

    Col. 1, 6, 8.—
    2.
    Trop.
    a.
    Of time, shortly before or after, last, next:

    civitates quae proxime bellum fecerant,

    Caes. B. G. 3, 29:

    Tito fratre suo censore, qui proximus ante me fuerat,

    Cic. Sen. 12, 42; id. Part. 39, 137; Plin. Ep. 4, 13, 3:

    cum proxime judices contrahentur,

    id. ib. 5, 7, 3.—With acc.:

    proxime abstinentiam sumendus est cibus exiguus,

    Cels. 3, 2:

    proxime solis occasum,

    Pall. 9, 8, 5.—
    b.
    Of order, rank, estimation, condition, etc., next to, next after, next:

    proxime et secundum deos homines hominibus maxime utiles esse possunt,

    Cic. Off. 2, 3, 1:

    me huic tuae virtuti proxime accedere,

    id. Fam. 11, 21, 4:

    proxime a nobilissimis viris,

    Vell. 2, 124, 4; id. 2, 127, 1:

    proxime valent cetera lauri genera,

    Plin. 23, 8, 80, § 158: utilissimum esse omphacium;

    proxime viride,

    id. 23, 4, 39, § 79.—With acc.: esse etiam debent proxime hos cari, qui, etc., Cass. ap. Cic. Fam. 12, 13, 2:

    proxime morem Romanum,

    closely following the Roman method, Liv. 24, 48, 11:

    erat res minime certamini navali similis, proxime speciem muros oppugnantium navium,

    closely resembling, id. 30, 10.—In this sense also with atque:

    proxime atque ille aut aeque,

    nearly the same as he, Cic. Fam. 9, 13, 2.—
    c.
    Very closely, nicely, accurately:

    ut proxime utriusque differentiam signem,

    Quint. 6, 2, 20 Spald.; cf.:

    analogia, quam proxime ex Graeco transferentes in Latinum proportionem vocaverunt,

    id. 1, 6, 3. — Comp.:

    nonne apertius, proximius, verius?

    Min. Fel. Oct. 19.

    Lewis & Short latin dictionary > propiora

  • 4 proximi

    prŏpĭor, ĭus, gen. ōris, adj. comp., and proxĭmus, a, um, adj. sup. (v. below, II.) [from the obsol. propis; whence prope].
    I.
    Comp., nearer, nigher.
    A.
    Lit., of place:

    portus propior,

    Verg. A. 3, 530:

    tumulus,

    Liv. 22, 24:

    ut propior patriae sit fuga nostra,

    Ov. P. 1, 2, 130:

    domus,

    Sall. H. 2, 40 Dietsch:

    cum propior caliginis aër Ater init oculos,

    Lucr. 4, 338 (314).—With acc.:

    propior montem suos collocat,

    Sall. J. 49, 1:

    propior hostem,

    Hirt. B. G. 8, 9.—With ab:

    quisquis ab igne propior stetit,

    Sen. Ep. 74, 4.—With inf.:

    propior timeri,

    Stat. Th. 12, 223.— Neutr. plur, subst.: prŏpĭōra, um, places lying near:

    propiora fluminis,

    Tac. H. 5, 16:

    tenere,

    Verg. A. 5, 168.—
    B.
    Trop.
    1.
    Of time, nearer, later, more recent:

    veniunt inde ad propiora,

    Cic. Tusc. 1, 48, 116:

    venio ad propiorem (epistulam),

    id. Att. 15, 3, 2:

    propior puero quam juveni,

    Vell. 2, 53, 1:

    septimus octavo jam propior annus,

    Hor. S. 2, 6, 40; id. C. 3, 15, 4:

    mors,

    Tib. 2, 3, 42:

    propiore aut longiore tempore aliquid facere,

    Dig. 23, 4, 17.—
    2.
    Of relationship, nearer, more nearly related; with dat.:

    quibus propior P. Quintio nemo est,

    Cic. Quint. 31, 97:

    ille gradu propior sanguinis,

    Ov. H. 3, 28; 16, 326; 20, 158:

    amicus,

    Hor. Ep. 1, 9, 5.—
    3.
    Of resemblance, more nearly resembling, more like (class.); with dat.:

    quae sceleri propiora sunt, quam religioni,

    Cic. Verr. 2, 4, 50, § 112:

    tauro,

    Verg. G. 3, 57:

    vero est propius,

    more probable, Liv. 4, 37; Ov. F. 4, 801; Tac. A. 13, 34; id. G. 45:

    scribere Sermoni propiora,

    Hor. S. 1, 4, 42.—With acc. (not in Cic.):

    propius est fidem,

    is more credible, Liv. 4, 17:

    quod tamen vitium propius virtutem erat,

    Sall. C. 11, 1.—
    4.
    Of relation or connection, nearer, more nearly related, affecting or concerning more nearly, of greater import, closer, more intimate:

    hunc priorem aequom'st me habere: tunica propior pallio est, proverbially,

    my shirt is nearer than my coat, Plaut. Trin. 5, 2, 30:

    propior societas eorum, qui ejusdem civitatis,

    Cic. Off. 3, 17, 69:

    sua sibi propiora pericula esse, quam mea,

    id. Sest. 18, 40:

    alium portum propiorem huic aetati videbamus,

    id. Att. 14, 19, 1:

    damnum propius medullis,

    Hor. Ep. 1, 10, 28:

    cura propior luctusque domesticus,

    Ov. M. 13, 578; id. P. 4, 9, 71:

    supplemento vel Latium propius esse,

    Liv. 8, 11:

    irae quam timori propiorem cernens,

    more inclined to anger than to fear, Tac. A. 16, 9: oderat Aenean propior Saturnia Turno, more inclined or attached to, Ov. Tr. 1, 2, 7.—Hence, adv.: prŏpĭus, more nearly, nearer, closer (class.).
    A.
    Lit.
    1.
    Absol.:

    propius accedamus,

    Ter. Ad. 3, 2, 11; Ov. M. 2, 41:

    res adspicere,

    Verg. A. 1, 526:

    propius spectare aliquid,

    Hor. Ep. 1, 1, 67;

    stare,

    id. A. P. 361.—
    2.
    With dat., nearer to: propius grammatico accessi, Cic. ap. Diom. p. 405 P. (not elsewhere in Cic.):

    propius Tiberi quam Thermopylis,

    Nep. Hann. 8, 3:

    propius stabulis armenta tenerent,

    Verg. G. 1, 355.—
    3.
    With acc.:

    ne propius se castra moveret,

    Caes. B. G. 4, 9:

    pars insulae, quae est propius solis occasum,

    id. ib. 4, 28: propius aliquem accedere, id. ib. 5, 36:

    propius urbem,

    Cic. Phil. 7, 9, 26:

    mare,

    Sall. J. 18, 9.—
    4.
    With ab:

    propius a terris,

    Cic. N. D. 1, 31, 87:

    antiquitas quo propius aberat ab ortu et divinā progenie, hoc melius ea cernebat,

    id. Tusc. 1, 12, 26:

    ab Urbe,

    Plin. 17, 25, 38, § 243.—
    B.
    Trop.:

    ut propius ad ea accedam, quae a te dicta sunt,

    Cic. Fin. 4, 10, 24; Sen. Ira, 3, 42, 4; Cic. Part. 36, 124:

    propius accedo: nego esse illa testimonia,

    id. Fl. 10, 23:

    a contumeliā quam a laude propius fuerit post Vitellium eligi,

    Tac. H. 2, 76:

    nec quicquam propius est factum, quam ut illum persequeretur,

    he was within an ace of following him, Cic. Clu. 21, 59; so,

    propius nihil est factum, quam ut occideretur,

    id. Q. Fr. 1, 2, 5, § 15.
    II.
    Sup.: proxĭmus (PROXVMVS and PROXSVMEIS, Tab. Bant.; late comp. proximior, Sen. Ep. 108, 16; Ulp. ap. Prisc. p. 607 P.; v. below, B. 2. and 3.; cf. in adv. 2. c.), a, um, adj., the nearest, next (class.).
    A.
    Lit., of place:

    proxima oppida,

    Caes. B. G. 3, 12:

    via,

    Lucr. 5, 103; cf.:

    via ad gloriam proxima et quasi compendiaria,

    Cic. Off. 2, 12, 43:

    ad proximum mare, dein Romam pergerent,

    Sall. J. 23, 2:

    in proximos collis discedunt,

    id. ib. 54, 10:

    proximum iter in Galliam,

    Caes. B. G. 1, 10:

    paries cum proximus ardet,

    Hor. Ep. 1, 18, 84:

    agri termini,

    id. C. 2, 18, 23:

    proximus vicinus,

    one's nearest neighbor, Plaut. Most. 3, 1, 138; Ter. Hec. 1, 2, 49; Cic. Att. 2, 14, 2; Dig. 50, 15, 4.—With dat.:

    Belgae proximi sunt Germanis,

    Caes. B. G. 1, 1: huic proximum inferiorem orbem tenet puroeis, Cic. N. D. 2, 20, 53:

    proxima Campano ponti villula,

    Hor. S. 1, 5, 45.—With acc. (not in Cic.):

    qui te proximus est,

    Plaut. Poen. 5, 3, 1:

    ager proximus finem Megalopolitarum,

    Liv. 35, 27:

    Crassus proximus mare Oceanum hiemarat,

    Caes. B. G. 3, 7, 2:

    qui proximi forte tribunal steterant,

    Liv. 8, 32, 12.—With ab, nearest to, next to:

    dactylus proximus a postremo,

    next before, Cic. Or. 64, 217:

    ut quisque proximus ab oppresso sit,

    Liv. 37, 25:

    proximus a dominā,

    Ov. A. A. 1, 139:

    proxima regio ab eā (urbe),

    Curt. 10, 5, 18. —Hence, as subst.,
    1.
    proxĭmus, i, m., a neighbor, a fellow-man, Val. Max. 6, 9 init.; Quint. Decl. 259.—As subst.,
    2.
    proxĭmum, i, n., the neighborhood, vicinity:

    vicinus e proximo,

    hard by, Plaut. Aul. 2, 4, 11:

    aquam hinc de proximo rogabo,

    from the house next door, id. Rud. 2, 3, 73:

    cum in proximo hic sit aegra,

    close by, next door, Ter. Hec. 3, 2, 6:

    huic locum in proximum conduxi,

    Cic. Fil. Fam. 16, 21, 4:

    per impluvium huc despexi in proximum,

    into our neighbor's, Plaut. Mil. 2, 3, 16.— Plur.:

    traicit in proxima continentis,

    Liv. 31, 46, 12.—
    B.
    Trop.
    1.
    Of time, the next preceding or following, the previous, last, the next, the following, ensuing:

    quid proximā, quid superiore nocte egeris,

    Cic. Cat. 1, 1, 1:

    his proximis Nonis, cum in hortos Bruti venissemus,

    id. Lael. 2, 7:

    Gabinius quem proximis superioribus diebus acerrime oppugnasset,

    id. Fam. 1, 9, 20: se proximā nocte castra moturum, on the next, i.e. the following night, Caes. B. G. 1, 40 fin.; 2, 12; 3, 18; Liv. 2, 7, 1:

    proximo anno,

    Sall. J. 35, 2; Plin. 17, 23, 35, § 208:

    in proxumum annum (se) transtulit,

    Cic. Mil. 9, 24:

    proximo, altero, tertio, denique reliquis consecutis diebus,

    id. Phil. 1, 13, 32:

    bello tanto majore quam proximo conatu apparatum est,

    Liv. 4, 23, 6 Weissenb. ad loc.: IN DIEBVS V. PROXSVMEIS QVIBVS QVISQVE EORVM MAG (istratum) INIERIT, Tab. Bantin. lin. 14; so ib. lin. 12; Cic. Fam. 10, 26, 2; id. Att. 11, 11, 1:

    censor qui proximus ante me fuerat,

    id. Sen. 12, 42: die proximi, old abl. form for proximo, Cato ap. Gell. 10, 24, 10, and ap. Non. 153, 11; cf.:

    crastinus, pristinus, etc., but proximo a. d. VI. Kal. Octobr.,

    recently, last of all, Cic. Att. 18, 5.—
    2.
    In order of succession, rank, estimation, worth, etc., the next:

    summa necessitudo videtur esse honestatis: huic proxima incolumitatis: tertia ac levissima commoditatis,

    Cic. Inv. 2, 58, 173:

    observat L. Domitium maxime, me habet proximum,

    id. Att. 1, 1, 3:

    proximos dentes eiciunt,

    Varr. R. R. 2, 7, 2:

    prima vulnera... Proxima,

    Ov. M. 3, 233:

    proximos illi tamen occupavit Pallas honores,

    Hor. C. 1, 12, 19: proximum est, ut, it follows that, remains that, the next point is: proximum est ergo, ut, opus fuerit classe necne quaeramus, we must next inquire, Cic. Fl. 12, 27:

    proximum est, ut doceam, deorum providentiā mundum administrari,

    id. N. D. 2, 29, 73.—Of value or quality, the next, most nearly approaching, most like or similar:

    id habendum est antiquissimum et deo proximum, quod est optimum,

    Cic. Leg. 2, 16, 40:

    ficta voluptatis causā sint proxima veris,

    Hor. A. P. 338:

    proxima Phoebi Versibus ille facit,

    Verg. E. 7, 22.— Comp.:

    ut quorum abstinentiam interrupi, modum servem et quidem abstinentiae proximiorem,

    Sen. Ep. 108, 16.—
    3.
    In relationship, connection, or resemblance, the nearest, next, most nearly or closely related, next of kin, most like:

    AGNATVS PROXIMVS, Fragm. XII. Tabularum: hic illi genere est proximus,

    Ter. Ad. 4, 5, 17:

    proximus cognatione,

    Cic. Inv. 2, 49, 144:

    id des proximum,

    id. Leg. 2, 16, 40:

    proxima virtutibus vitia,

    Quint. 10, 2, 16:

    propinquitate,

    Nep. Ages. 1, 3:

    proximae necessitudines,

    Petr. 116.— Comp.: si quis proximior cognatus nasceretur, Ulp. ap. Prisc. p. 607 P.— Subst.: proxĭmi, ōrum, m., one's nearest relatives, next of kin:

    injuriosi sunt in proximos,

    Cic. Off. 1, 14, 44; Caes. Fragm. ap. Gell. 5, 13, 6; Phaedr. 5, 1, 16:

    cum haec omnia cumulate tuis proximis plana fecero,

    i.e. to your friends, intimates, Cic. Verr. 2, 5, 64, § 165; id. Pis. 32, 79; Gell. 3, 8, 3.—
    b.
    In gen., one's neighbor, fellow-man:

    sive nostros status, sive proximorum ingenia contemplamur,

    Val. Max. 6, 9, 1; Quint. Decl. 2, 59:

    quis est mihi proximus?

    Aug. in Psa. 118; Serm. 8, 2; 90, 7 init. —
    4.
    That is nearest at hand, i. e. apt, fit, suitable, convenient, easy (anteand post-class.):

    argumentum,

    App. Mag. p. 278:

    cum obvium proximumque esset dicere, etc.,

    Gell. 3, 14, 12: eamus ad me;

    ibi proximum est, ubi mutes,

    there is the fittest, most convenient place, Ter. Eun. 3, 5, 64.— Adv.: proxĭmē (proxume; comp. proximius, v. below, 2. c.), nearest, very near, next.
    1.
    Lit., of place, with dat. (not in Cic., rare in Livy):

    quam proxime potest hostium castris castra communit,

    Caes. B. C. 1, 72 fin.; Liv. 25, 14, 4.—With acc.:

    exercitum habere quam proxime hostem,

    Cic. Att. 6, 5, 3:

    proxime Pompeium sedebam,

    id. ib. 1, 14, 3:

    proxime Hispaniam Mauri sunt,

    Sall. J. 19, 4.—With ab:

    a Surā proxime est Philiscum oppidum Parthorum,

    Plin. 5, 26, 21, § 89:

    omnes tamen quam proxime alter ab altero debent habitare,

    Col. 1, 6, 8.—
    2.
    Trop.
    a.
    Of time, shortly before or after, last, next:

    civitates quae proxime bellum fecerant,

    Caes. B. G. 3, 29:

    Tito fratre suo censore, qui proximus ante me fuerat,

    Cic. Sen. 12, 42; id. Part. 39, 137; Plin. Ep. 4, 13, 3:

    cum proxime judices contrahentur,

    id. ib. 5, 7, 3.—With acc.:

    proxime abstinentiam sumendus est cibus exiguus,

    Cels. 3, 2:

    proxime solis occasum,

    Pall. 9, 8, 5.—
    b.
    Of order, rank, estimation, condition, etc., next to, next after, next:

    proxime et secundum deos homines hominibus maxime utiles esse possunt,

    Cic. Off. 2, 3, 1:

    me huic tuae virtuti proxime accedere,

    id. Fam. 11, 21, 4:

    proxime a nobilissimis viris,

    Vell. 2, 124, 4; id. 2, 127, 1:

    proxime valent cetera lauri genera,

    Plin. 23, 8, 80, § 158: utilissimum esse omphacium;

    proxime viride,

    id. 23, 4, 39, § 79.—With acc.: esse etiam debent proxime hos cari, qui, etc., Cass. ap. Cic. Fam. 12, 13, 2:

    proxime morem Romanum,

    closely following the Roman method, Liv. 24, 48, 11:

    erat res minime certamini navali similis, proxime speciem muros oppugnantium navium,

    closely resembling, id. 30, 10.—In this sense also with atque:

    proxime atque ille aut aeque,

    nearly the same as he, Cic. Fam. 9, 13, 2.—
    c.
    Very closely, nicely, accurately:

    ut proxime utriusque differentiam signem,

    Quint. 6, 2, 20 Spald.; cf.:

    analogia, quam proxime ex Graeco transferentes in Latinum proportionem vocaverunt,

    id. 1, 6, 3. — Comp.:

    nonne apertius, proximius, verius?

    Min. Fel. Oct. 19.

    Lewis & Short latin dictionary > proximi

  • 5 proximum

    prŏpĭor, ĭus, gen. ōris, adj. comp., and proxĭmus, a, um, adj. sup. (v. below, II.) [from the obsol. propis; whence prope].
    I.
    Comp., nearer, nigher.
    A.
    Lit., of place:

    portus propior,

    Verg. A. 3, 530:

    tumulus,

    Liv. 22, 24:

    ut propior patriae sit fuga nostra,

    Ov. P. 1, 2, 130:

    domus,

    Sall. H. 2, 40 Dietsch:

    cum propior caliginis aër Ater init oculos,

    Lucr. 4, 338 (314).—With acc.:

    propior montem suos collocat,

    Sall. J. 49, 1:

    propior hostem,

    Hirt. B. G. 8, 9.—With ab:

    quisquis ab igne propior stetit,

    Sen. Ep. 74, 4.—With inf.:

    propior timeri,

    Stat. Th. 12, 223.— Neutr. plur, subst.: prŏpĭōra, um, places lying near:

    propiora fluminis,

    Tac. H. 5, 16:

    tenere,

    Verg. A. 5, 168.—
    B.
    Trop.
    1.
    Of time, nearer, later, more recent:

    veniunt inde ad propiora,

    Cic. Tusc. 1, 48, 116:

    venio ad propiorem (epistulam),

    id. Att. 15, 3, 2:

    propior puero quam juveni,

    Vell. 2, 53, 1:

    septimus octavo jam propior annus,

    Hor. S. 2, 6, 40; id. C. 3, 15, 4:

    mors,

    Tib. 2, 3, 42:

    propiore aut longiore tempore aliquid facere,

    Dig. 23, 4, 17.—
    2.
    Of relationship, nearer, more nearly related; with dat.:

    quibus propior P. Quintio nemo est,

    Cic. Quint. 31, 97:

    ille gradu propior sanguinis,

    Ov. H. 3, 28; 16, 326; 20, 158:

    amicus,

    Hor. Ep. 1, 9, 5.—
    3.
    Of resemblance, more nearly resembling, more like (class.); with dat.:

    quae sceleri propiora sunt, quam religioni,

    Cic. Verr. 2, 4, 50, § 112:

    tauro,

    Verg. G. 3, 57:

    vero est propius,

    more probable, Liv. 4, 37; Ov. F. 4, 801; Tac. A. 13, 34; id. G. 45:

    scribere Sermoni propiora,

    Hor. S. 1, 4, 42.—With acc. (not in Cic.):

    propius est fidem,

    is more credible, Liv. 4, 17:

    quod tamen vitium propius virtutem erat,

    Sall. C. 11, 1.—
    4.
    Of relation or connection, nearer, more nearly related, affecting or concerning more nearly, of greater import, closer, more intimate:

    hunc priorem aequom'st me habere: tunica propior pallio est, proverbially,

    my shirt is nearer than my coat, Plaut. Trin. 5, 2, 30:

    propior societas eorum, qui ejusdem civitatis,

    Cic. Off. 3, 17, 69:

    sua sibi propiora pericula esse, quam mea,

    id. Sest. 18, 40:

    alium portum propiorem huic aetati videbamus,

    id. Att. 14, 19, 1:

    damnum propius medullis,

    Hor. Ep. 1, 10, 28:

    cura propior luctusque domesticus,

    Ov. M. 13, 578; id. P. 4, 9, 71:

    supplemento vel Latium propius esse,

    Liv. 8, 11:

    irae quam timori propiorem cernens,

    more inclined to anger than to fear, Tac. A. 16, 9: oderat Aenean propior Saturnia Turno, more inclined or attached to, Ov. Tr. 1, 2, 7.—Hence, adv.: prŏpĭus, more nearly, nearer, closer (class.).
    A.
    Lit.
    1.
    Absol.:

    propius accedamus,

    Ter. Ad. 3, 2, 11; Ov. M. 2, 41:

    res adspicere,

    Verg. A. 1, 526:

    propius spectare aliquid,

    Hor. Ep. 1, 1, 67;

    stare,

    id. A. P. 361.—
    2.
    With dat., nearer to: propius grammatico accessi, Cic. ap. Diom. p. 405 P. (not elsewhere in Cic.):

    propius Tiberi quam Thermopylis,

    Nep. Hann. 8, 3:

    propius stabulis armenta tenerent,

    Verg. G. 1, 355.—
    3.
    With acc.:

    ne propius se castra moveret,

    Caes. B. G. 4, 9:

    pars insulae, quae est propius solis occasum,

    id. ib. 4, 28: propius aliquem accedere, id. ib. 5, 36:

    propius urbem,

    Cic. Phil. 7, 9, 26:

    mare,

    Sall. J. 18, 9.—
    4.
    With ab:

    propius a terris,

    Cic. N. D. 1, 31, 87:

    antiquitas quo propius aberat ab ortu et divinā progenie, hoc melius ea cernebat,

    id. Tusc. 1, 12, 26:

    ab Urbe,

    Plin. 17, 25, 38, § 243.—
    B.
    Trop.:

    ut propius ad ea accedam, quae a te dicta sunt,

    Cic. Fin. 4, 10, 24; Sen. Ira, 3, 42, 4; Cic. Part. 36, 124:

    propius accedo: nego esse illa testimonia,

    id. Fl. 10, 23:

    a contumeliā quam a laude propius fuerit post Vitellium eligi,

    Tac. H. 2, 76:

    nec quicquam propius est factum, quam ut illum persequeretur,

    he was within an ace of following him, Cic. Clu. 21, 59; so,

    propius nihil est factum, quam ut occideretur,

    id. Q. Fr. 1, 2, 5, § 15.
    II.
    Sup.: proxĭmus (PROXVMVS and PROXSVMEIS, Tab. Bant.; late comp. proximior, Sen. Ep. 108, 16; Ulp. ap. Prisc. p. 607 P.; v. below, B. 2. and 3.; cf. in adv. 2. c.), a, um, adj., the nearest, next (class.).
    A.
    Lit., of place:

    proxima oppida,

    Caes. B. G. 3, 12:

    via,

    Lucr. 5, 103; cf.:

    via ad gloriam proxima et quasi compendiaria,

    Cic. Off. 2, 12, 43:

    ad proximum mare, dein Romam pergerent,

    Sall. J. 23, 2:

    in proximos collis discedunt,

    id. ib. 54, 10:

    proximum iter in Galliam,

    Caes. B. G. 1, 10:

    paries cum proximus ardet,

    Hor. Ep. 1, 18, 84:

    agri termini,

    id. C. 2, 18, 23:

    proximus vicinus,

    one's nearest neighbor, Plaut. Most. 3, 1, 138; Ter. Hec. 1, 2, 49; Cic. Att. 2, 14, 2; Dig. 50, 15, 4.—With dat.:

    Belgae proximi sunt Germanis,

    Caes. B. G. 1, 1: huic proximum inferiorem orbem tenet puroeis, Cic. N. D. 2, 20, 53:

    proxima Campano ponti villula,

    Hor. S. 1, 5, 45.—With acc. (not in Cic.):

    qui te proximus est,

    Plaut. Poen. 5, 3, 1:

    ager proximus finem Megalopolitarum,

    Liv. 35, 27:

    Crassus proximus mare Oceanum hiemarat,

    Caes. B. G. 3, 7, 2:

    qui proximi forte tribunal steterant,

    Liv. 8, 32, 12.—With ab, nearest to, next to:

    dactylus proximus a postremo,

    next before, Cic. Or. 64, 217:

    ut quisque proximus ab oppresso sit,

    Liv. 37, 25:

    proximus a dominā,

    Ov. A. A. 1, 139:

    proxima regio ab eā (urbe),

    Curt. 10, 5, 18. —Hence, as subst.,
    1.
    proxĭmus, i, m., a neighbor, a fellow-man, Val. Max. 6, 9 init.; Quint. Decl. 259.—As subst.,
    2.
    proxĭmum, i, n., the neighborhood, vicinity:

    vicinus e proximo,

    hard by, Plaut. Aul. 2, 4, 11:

    aquam hinc de proximo rogabo,

    from the house next door, id. Rud. 2, 3, 73:

    cum in proximo hic sit aegra,

    close by, next door, Ter. Hec. 3, 2, 6:

    huic locum in proximum conduxi,

    Cic. Fil. Fam. 16, 21, 4:

    per impluvium huc despexi in proximum,

    into our neighbor's, Plaut. Mil. 2, 3, 16.— Plur.:

    traicit in proxima continentis,

    Liv. 31, 46, 12.—
    B.
    Trop.
    1.
    Of time, the next preceding or following, the previous, last, the next, the following, ensuing:

    quid proximā, quid superiore nocte egeris,

    Cic. Cat. 1, 1, 1:

    his proximis Nonis, cum in hortos Bruti venissemus,

    id. Lael. 2, 7:

    Gabinius quem proximis superioribus diebus acerrime oppugnasset,

    id. Fam. 1, 9, 20: se proximā nocte castra moturum, on the next, i.e. the following night, Caes. B. G. 1, 40 fin.; 2, 12; 3, 18; Liv. 2, 7, 1:

    proximo anno,

    Sall. J. 35, 2; Plin. 17, 23, 35, § 208:

    in proxumum annum (se) transtulit,

    Cic. Mil. 9, 24:

    proximo, altero, tertio, denique reliquis consecutis diebus,

    id. Phil. 1, 13, 32:

    bello tanto majore quam proximo conatu apparatum est,

    Liv. 4, 23, 6 Weissenb. ad loc.: IN DIEBVS V. PROXSVMEIS QVIBVS QVISQVE EORVM MAG (istratum) INIERIT, Tab. Bantin. lin. 14; so ib. lin. 12; Cic. Fam. 10, 26, 2; id. Att. 11, 11, 1:

    censor qui proximus ante me fuerat,

    id. Sen. 12, 42: die proximi, old abl. form for proximo, Cato ap. Gell. 10, 24, 10, and ap. Non. 153, 11; cf.:

    crastinus, pristinus, etc., but proximo a. d. VI. Kal. Octobr.,

    recently, last of all, Cic. Att. 18, 5.—
    2.
    In order of succession, rank, estimation, worth, etc., the next:

    summa necessitudo videtur esse honestatis: huic proxima incolumitatis: tertia ac levissima commoditatis,

    Cic. Inv. 2, 58, 173:

    observat L. Domitium maxime, me habet proximum,

    id. Att. 1, 1, 3:

    proximos dentes eiciunt,

    Varr. R. R. 2, 7, 2:

    prima vulnera... Proxima,

    Ov. M. 3, 233:

    proximos illi tamen occupavit Pallas honores,

    Hor. C. 1, 12, 19: proximum est, ut, it follows that, remains that, the next point is: proximum est ergo, ut, opus fuerit classe necne quaeramus, we must next inquire, Cic. Fl. 12, 27:

    proximum est, ut doceam, deorum providentiā mundum administrari,

    id. N. D. 2, 29, 73.—Of value or quality, the next, most nearly approaching, most like or similar:

    id habendum est antiquissimum et deo proximum, quod est optimum,

    Cic. Leg. 2, 16, 40:

    ficta voluptatis causā sint proxima veris,

    Hor. A. P. 338:

    proxima Phoebi Versibus ille facit,

    Verg. E. 7, 22.— Comp.:

    ut quorum abstinentiam interrupi, modum servem et quidem abstinentiae proximiorem,

    Sen. Ep. 108, 16.—
    3.
    In relationship, connection, or resemblance, the nearest, next, most nearly or closely related, next of kin, most like:

    AGNATVS PROXIMVS, Fragm. XII. Tabularum: hic illi genere est proximus,

    Ter. Ad. 4, 5, 17:

    proximus cognatione,

    Cic. Inv. 2, 49, 144:

    id des proximum,

    id. Leg. 2, 16, 40:

    proxima virtutibus vitia,

    Quint. 10, 2, 16:

    propinquitate,

    Nep. Ages. 1, 3:

    proximae necessitudines,

    Petr. 116.— Comp.: si quis proximior cognatus nasceretur, Ulp. ap. Prisc. p. 607 P.— Subst.: proxĭmi, ōrum, m., one's nearest relatives, next of kin:

    injuriosi sunt in proximos,

    Cic. Off. 1, 14, 44; Caes. Fragm. ap. Gell. 5, 13, 6; Phaedr. 5, 1, 16:

    cum haec omnia cumulate tuis proximis plana fecero,

    i.e. to your friends, intimates, Cic. Verr. 2, 5, 64, § 165; id. Pis. 32, 79; Gell. 3, 8, 3.—
    b.
    In gen., one's neighbor, fellow-man:

    sive nostros status, sive proximorum ingenia contemplamur,

    Val. Max. 6, 9, 1; Quint. Decl. 2, 59:

    quis est mihi proximus?

    Aug. in Psa. 118; Serm. 8, 2; 90, 7 init. —
    4.
    That is nearest at hand, i. e. apt, fit, suitable, convenient, easy (anteand post-class.):

    argumentum,

    App. Mag. p. 278:

    cum obvium proximumque esset dicere, etc.,

    Gell. 3, 14, 12: eamus ad me;

    ibi proximum est, ubi mutes,

    there is the fittest, most convenient place, Ter. Eun. 3, 5, 64.— Adv.: proxĭmē (proxume; comp. proximius, v. below, 2. c.), nearest, very near, next.
    1.
    Lit., of place, with dat. (not in Cic., rare in Livy):

    quam proxime potest hostium castris castra communit,

    Caes. B. C. 1, 72 fin.; Liv. 25, 14, 4.—With acc.:

    exercitum habere quam proxime hostem,

    Cic. Att. 6, 5, 3:

    proxime Pompeium sedebam,

    id. ib. 1, 14, 3:

    proxime Hispaniam Mauri sunt,

    Sall. J. 19, 4.—With ab:

    a Surā proxime est Philiscum oppidum Parthorum,

    Plin. 5, 26, 21, § 89:

    omnes tamen quam proxime alter ab altero debent habitare,

    Col. 1, 6, 8.—
    2.
    Trop.
    a.
    Of time, shortly before or after, last, next:

    civitates quae proxime bellum fecerant,

    Caes. B. G. 3, 29:

    Tito fratre suo censore, qui proximus ante me fuerat,

    Cic. Sen. 12, 42; id. Part. 39, 137; Plin. Ep. 4, 13, 3:

    cum proxime judices contrahentur,

    id. ib. 5, 7, 3.—With acc.:

    proxime abstinentiam sumendus est cibus exiguus,

    Cels. 3, 2:

    proxime solis occasum,

    Pall. 9, 8, 5.—
    b.
    Of order, rank, estimation, condition, etc., next to, next after, next:

    proxime et secundum deos homines hominibus maxime utiles esse possunt,

    Cic. Off. 2, 3, 1:

    me huic tuae virtuti proxime accedere,

    id. Fam. 11, 21, 4:

    proxime a nobilissimis viris,

    Vell. 2, 124, 4; id. 2, 127, 1:

    proxime valent cetera lauri genera,

    Plin. 23, 8, 80, § 158: utilissimum esse omphacium;

    proxime viride,

    id. 23, 4, 39, § 79.—With acc.: esse etiam debent proxime hos cari, qui, etc., Cass. ap. Cic. Fam. 12, 13, 2:

    proxime morem Romanum,

    closely following the Roman method, Liv. 24, 48, 11:

    erat res minime certamini navali similis, proxime speciem muros oppugnantium navium,

    closely resembling, id. 30, 10.—In this sense also with atque:

    proxime atque ille aut aeque,

    nearly the same as he, Cic. Fam. 9, 13, 2.—
    c.
    Very closely, nicely, accurately:

    ut proxime utriusque differentiam signem,

    Quint. 6, 2, 20 Spald.; cf.:

    analogia, quam proxime ex Graeco transferentes in Latinum proportionem vocaverunt,

    id. 1, 6, 3. — Comp.:

    nonne apertius, proximius, verius?

    Min. Fel. Oct. 19.

    Lewis & Short latin dictionary > proximum

  • 6 alter

        alter tera, terum, gen. terīus or terius, dat. alterī (f rarely alterae), pronom adj.    [2 AL-], one, another, the one, the other (of two): necesse est sit alterum de duobus: altera ex duabus legionibus, Cs.: alter consulum, L.: in alterā parte fluminis legatum reliquit, on the other side, Cs.: ut consules alter ambove cognoscerent, one or both: absente consulum altero ambobusve, L. — Alter... alter, the one... the other, the former... the latter: curemus aequam uterque partem; ut alterum, ego item alterum, T.: quorum alter exercitum perdidit, alter vendidit: nec ad vivos pertineat, nec ad mortuos; alteri nulli sunt, alteros non attinget: quorum alteri adiuvabant, alteri, etc., Cs.: qui noxii ambo, alter in alterum causam conferant, L.—Unus... alter, one... the other: Ph. Una iniuria est tecum... altera est tecum, T.: uni epistulae respondi, venio ad alteram. — Opp. to other distributive words: alter gladiator habetur, hic autem, etc.: lateris alter angulus ad orientem solem, inferior ad, etc., Cs.: ne alteruter alterum praeoccuparet, N.: uterque suo studio delectatus contempsit alterum: neutrum eorum contra alterum iuvare, Cs.—Esp., as a numeral, the second, next (cf. secundus): primo die... alter dies... tertius dies: proximo, altero, tertio, reliquis consecutis diebus: sive iterum Sulla sive alter Marius: alteris Te mensis adhibet deum, i. e. at the dessert, H. — So, alterā die, the next day: altero die quam, on the next day after, L. — With praepp.: qui tum regnabat alter post Alexandream conditam, next after: Fortunate puer, tu nunc eris alter ab illo, the next after him, V.—In compound numbers: litteras altero vicensimo die reddidit, on the twenty-second day.—Of a number collectively: hos libros alteros quinque mittemus, a second series of five: Aurea mala decem misi; cras altera (sc. decem) mittam, V. — In the phrase, unus et alter, unus atque alter, unus alterque, the one and the other.—Usu. of an indef. number, one and another, a couple, one or two: Unus et item alter, T.: unum et alterum diem desiderari: versus paulo concinnior unus et alter, H.—Rarely of a definite number, two: unus et alter dies intercesserat.—Alterum tantum, as much more, as much again, twice as much: altero tanto longior, N.: numero tantum alterum adiecit, L. — Of quality or character, a second, another, i. e. very like: Verres, alter Orcus: alter ego: amicus est tamquam alter idem, a second self.—The one of two, either of two (for alteruter): non uterque sed alter: sine alteris vestrum vivere, L. — Meton., another (for alius): victis non ad alterius praescriptum imperare, Cs.: si nullius alterius nos pudet, nobody else, L.—Hence, a neighbor, fellow-creature: ex incommodis Alterius sua ut conparent commoda, T.: nihil alterius causā facere.—The other, the opposite: alterius factionis principes, the leaders of the opposite party, N.—Different, changed: quotiens et specula videris alterum, H.
    * * *
    I
    the_one... the_other (alter... alter); otherwise
    II
    altera, alterum ADJ
    one (of two); second/another; former/latter

    unus et alter-- one or two/other

    III
    second/further/next/other/latter/some person/thing (actually PRON); either

    Latin-English dictionary > alter

  • 7 alter

    alter, tĕra, tĕrum, adj. (the measure of the gen. sing. āltĕrĭŭs as paeon primus is supported in good Latin only by examples from dactylic verse (but see alterĭus in trochaic measure, Plaut. Capt. 2, 2, 56), in which īpsĭŭs, īllĭŭs, īstĭŭs, ūnĭŭs, etc., are used as dactyls; on the contr., the regular measure āltĕrīŭs, as ditrochaeus, is sufficiently confirmed by the foll. verses of Enn., Ter., and Ter. Maur.: mox cum alterīus abligurias bona, Enn. ap. Donat. ad Ter. Phorm. 2, 2, 25 (Sat. 29 Vahl.):

    alterīus sua comparent commoda? ah!

    Ter. And. 4, 1, 4:

    nec alter[imacracute]us indigéns opís veni,

    Ter. Maur. p. 2432 P.;

    and sescupló vel una víncet alter[imacracute]us singulum,

    id. ib. p. 2412 ib.; Prisc. p. 695 ib.; alterius is also commonly used as the gen. of alius, as alīus is little used (v. h. v. fin.).— Dat. sing. f.:

    alterae,

    Plaut. Rud. 3, 4, 45; Ter. Heaut. 2, 3, 30; Caes. B. G. 5, 27; Nep. Eum. 1, 6; Col. 5, 11, 10) [a comp. form of al-ius; cf. Sanscr. antara = alius; Goth. anthar; Lith. antras = secundus; Germ. ander; Gr. heteros; Engl. either, other; also Sanscr. itara = alius], the other of two, one of two, the other, ho heteros.
    I.
    Lit.
    A.
    In gen.:

    nam huic alterae patria quae sit, profecto nescio,

    Plaut. Rud. 3, 4, 45:

    necesse est enim sit alterum de duobus,

    Cic. Tusc. 1, 41, 97:

    altera ex duabus legionibus,

    Caes. B. C. 2, 20: mihi cum viris ambobus est amicitia;

    cum altero vero magnus usus,

    Cic. Clu. 42, 117:

    alter consulum,

    Liv. 40, 59:

    alter ex censoribus,

    id. 40, 52:

    in alterā parte fluminis legatum reliquit,

    on the other side, Caes. B. G. 2, 5; id. B. C. 3, 54:

    si quis te percusserit in dexteram maxillam tuam, praebe illi et alteram,

    Vulg. Matt. 5, 39; 28, 1.—Hence: alter ambove, one or both; commonly in the abbreviation:

    A. A. S. E. V. = alter ambove si eis videretur: utique C. Pansa, A. Hirtius consules alter ambove S. E. V. rationem agri habeant,

    Cic. Phil. 5 fin. Wernsd.; cf. id. ib. 8, 11; 9, 7 fin.; 14, 14 fin.; cf.

    Brison. Form. pp. 218 and 219: absente consulum altero ambobusve,

    Liv. 30, 23: ambo alterve, S. C. ap. Front. Aquaed. 100 fin. —
    B.
    Esp.
    1.
    a.. In distributive clauses: alter... alter, the one... the other (cf. alius, II. A.): ho heteros... ho heteros:

    Si duobus praefurniis coques, lacunā nihil opus erit. Cum cinere eruto opus erit, altero praefurnio eruito, in altero ignis erit,

    Cato, R. R. 38, 9:

    alteram ille amat sororem, ego alteram,

    Plaut. Bacch. 4, 4, 68; id. Am. 1, 2, 19; 1, 2, 20; Ter. Ad. 1, 2, 50:

    quorum alter exercitum perdidit, alter vendidit,

    Cic. Planc. 35; so id. Rosc. Am. 6, 16: namque alterā ex parte Bellovaci instabant;

    alteram Camulogenus tenebat,

    Caes. B. G. 7, 59 Herz.:

    conjunxit alteram (cortinam) alteri,

    Vulg. Exod. 36, 10; 36, 22; ib. Joan. 13, 14; ib. Rom. 12, 5.—
    b.
    In same sense, unus... alter, one... the other, as in later Gr. heis men... heteros de: vitis insitio una est per ver, altera est cum uva floret;

    ea optima est,

    Cato, R. R. 41, 1: Phorm. Una injuria est tecum. Chrem. Lege agito ergo. Phorm. Altera est tecum, Ter. Phorm. 5, 8, 90: uni epistolae respondi;

    venio ad alteram,

    Cic. Fam. 2, 17, 6:

    nomen uni Ada, et nomen alteri Sella,

    Vulg. Gen. 4, 19; ib. Matt. 6, 24:

    Erant duae factiones, quarum una populi causam agebat, altera optimatium,

    Nep. Phoc. 3, 1; Liv. 31, 21:

    consules coepere duo creari, ut si unus malus esse voluisset, alter eum coërceret,

    Eutr. 1, 8:

    Duo homines ascenderunt in templum, unus pharisaeus et alter publicanus,

    Vulg. Luc. 18, 10 al. —
    c.
    Sometimes a subst., or hic, ille, etc., stands in the place of the second alter:

    Epaminondas... Leonidas: quorum alter, etc... Leonidas autem, etc.,

    Cic. Fin. 2, 30, 97; so Vell. 2, 71, 3:

    alter gladiator habetur, hic autem, etc.,

    Cic. Rosc. Am. 6, 17:

    quorum alteri Capitoni cognomen est, iste, qui adest, magnus vocatur,

    id. ib.:

    alterum corporis aegritudo, illum, etc.,

    Flor. 4, 7.—Sometimes
    (α).
    one alter is entirely omitted (cf. alius, II. A.; heteros, L. and S. I. 2.):

    duae turmae haesere: altera metu dedita hosti, pertinacior (sc. altera), etc.,

    Liv. 29, 33:

    hujus lateris alter angulus ad orientem solem, inferior ad meridiem spectat,

    Caes. B. G. 5, 13; or
    (β).
    the form changed:

    dialecticam adjungunt et physicam, alteram quod habeat rationem.... Physicae quoque etc.,

    Cic. Fin. 3, 21, 72, and 3, 22, 73. —Sometimes a further distributive word is added:

    alter adulescens decessit, alter senex, aliquis praeter hos infans,

    Sen. Ep. 66, 39:

    alter in vincula ducitur, alter insperatae praeficitur potestati, alius etc.,

    Amm. 14, 11.—
    d.
    In plur.: nec ad vivos pertineat, nec ad mortuos;

    alteri nulli sunt, alteros non attinget,

    Cic. Tusc. 1, 38, 91:

    alteri dimicant, alteri victorem timent,

    id. Fam. 6, 3: binas a te accepi litteras; quarum alteris mihi gratulabare... alteris dicebas etc., in one of which,... in the other, id. ib. 4, 14:

    quorum alteri adjuvabant, alteri etc.,

    Caes. B. G. 7, 17: duplices similitudines, unae rerum, alterae verborum, Auct. ad Her. 3, 20. —
    e.
    The second alter in a different case:

    alter alterius ova frangit,

    Cic. N. D. 2, 49:

    uterque numerus plenus, alter alterā de causā habetur,

    Macr. Somn. Scip. 2:

    qui noxii ambo, alter in alterum causam conferant,

    Liv. 5, 11:

    alteri alteros aliquantum attriverant,

    Sall. J. 79, 4; so id. ib. 42, 4;

    53, 7 al. —Also with alteruter: ne alteruter alterum praeoccuparet,

    Nep. Dion. 4, 1.—With unus:

    quom inter nos sorderemus unus alteri,

    Plaut. Truc. 2, 4, 30:

    dicunt unus ad alterum,

    Vulg. Ez. 33, 30:

    ne unus adversus alterum infletur pro alio,

    ib. 1 Cor. 4, 6.—With uterque:

    uterque suo studio delectatus contempsit alterum,

    Cic. Off. 1, 1, 4:

    utrique alteris freti finitimos sub imperium suum coëgere,

    Sall. J. 18, 12.—With nemo, nullus, neuter:

    ut nemo sit alteri similis,

    Quint. 2, 9, 2:

    cum tot saeculis nulla referta sit causa, quae esset tota alteri similis,

    id. 7, prooem. 4:

    neutrum eorum contra alterum juvare,

    Caes. B. C. 1, 1, 3:

    ut neutra alteri officiat,

    Quint. 1, 1, 3.—After two substt., the first alter generally refers to the first subst., and the second to the second:

    Philippum rebus gestis superatum a filio, facilitate video superiorem fuisse. Itaque alter semper magnus, alter saepe turpissimus,

    Cic. Off. 1, 26; cf. Plaut. Am. 1, 2, 21; Brem. ad Suet. Claud. 20.—Sometimes the order is reversed: contra nos (summa gratia et eloquentia) raciunt in hoc tempore;

    quarum alteram (i. e. eloquentiam) vereor, alteram (i. e. gratiam) metuo,

    Cic. Quinct. 1; so id. Off. 3, 18; 1, 12; cf. Spald. ad Quint. 9, 2, 6.—
    2.
    As a numeral = secundus, the second, the next, o heteros:

    primo die, alter dies, tertius dies, deinde reliquis diebus etc.,

    Cic. Verr. 2, 1, 7:

    proximo, altero, tertio, reliquis consecutis diebus non intermittebas etc.,

    id. Phil. 1, 13 Wernsd.:

    quadriennio post alterum consulatum,

    id. Sen. 9:

    die altero,

    Vulg. Jos. 10, 32: alteris Te mensis adhibet deum, i. e. at the dessert (= mensā secundā), Hor. C. 4, 5, 31.—So, alterā die, the next day, têi allêi hêmerai, têi heterai:

    se alterā die ad conloquium venturum,

    Caes. B. C. 3, 19; Vulg. Gen. 19, 34; ib. Matt. 27, 62:

    die altero,

    ib. Num. 11, 32; ib. Jos. 5, 11 al.—So in comparative sense:

    alterā die quam a Brindisio solvit, in Macedoniam trajecit,

    Liv. 31, 14; Suet. Vit. 3:

    intermittere diem alterum quemque oportet,

    every other day, Cels. 3, 23; 3, 13; 4, 12:

    Olea non continuis annis, sed fere altero quoque fructum adfert,

    Col. R. R. 5, 8.—With prepp.:

    qui (Ptolemaeus) tum regnabat alter post Alexandream conditam,

    next after, Cic. Off. 2, 23, 82; so, fortunate puer, tu nunc eris alter ab illo, the second or next after him, Verg. E. 5, 49:

    alter ab undecimo jam tum me ceperat annus,

    id. ib. 8, 39.—Hence,
    b.
    Also with tens, hundreds, etc.:

    accepi tuas litteras, quas mihi Cornificius altero vicesimo die reddidit,

    on the twenty-second day, Cic. Fam. 12, 25 Manut.:

    anno trecentesimo altero quam condita Roma erat,

    in the three hundred and second year, Liv. 3, 33:

    vicesima et altera laedit,

    Manil. 4, 466.—
    c.
    So of a number collectively:

    remissarios pedum XII., alteros pedum X.,

    a second ten, Cato, R. R. 19, 2:

    ad Brutum hos libros alteros quinque mittemus,

    Cic. Tusc. 5, 41, 121:

    basia mille, deinde centum, dein mille altera, dein secunda centum,

    Cat. 5, 7.—So with the numeral understood: aurea mala decem misi;

    cras altera (sc. decem) mittam,

    a second ten, Verg. E. 3, 71.—Hence,
    d.
    Unus et alter, unus atque alter, unus alterque, the one and the other.
    (α).
    For two (as in Gr. heis kai heteros):

    unus et alter dies intercesserat,

    Cic. Clu. 26:

    adductus sum tuis unis et alteris litteris,

    id. Att. 14, 18:

    et sub eā versus unus et alter erunt,

    Ov. H. 15, 182; so Suet. Tib. 63; id. Calig. 56; id. Claud. 12 (cf. id. Gram. 24: unum vel alterum, vel, cum plurimos, tres aut quattuor admittere).—
    (β).
    More freq. of an indef. number, one and another; and: unusalterve, one or two:

    Unus et item alter,

    Ter. And. 1, 1, 50:

    mora si quem tibi item unum alterumve diem abstulerit,

    Cic. Fam. 3, 9; so id. Clu. 13, 38; 13, 26:

    versus paulo concinnior unus et alter,

    Hor. Ep. 2, 1, 74; so id. S. 1, 6, 102; 2, 5, 24; id. A. P. 15:

    ex illis unus et alter ait,

    Ov. F. 2, 394; id. Am. 2, 5, 22; Petr. 108; Plin. Pan. 45 Schwarz; cf. id. ib. 52, 2; Suet. Caes. 20; id. Galb. 14 al.:

    paucis loricae, vix uni alterive cassis aut galea,

    Tac. G. 6.—
    e.
    Alterum tantum, as much more or again, twice as much (cf. Gr. heteron tosouton or hetera tosauta):

    etiamsi alterum tantum perdundum est, perdam potius quam sinam, etc.,

    Plaut. Ep. 3, 4, 81; so id. Bacch. 5, 2, 65:

    altero tanto aut sesqui major,

    Cic. Or. 56, 188:

    altero tanto longior,

    Nep. Eum. 8, 5; so Dig. 28, 2, 13:

    numero tantum alterum adjecit,

    Liv. 1, 36; so id. 10, 46; Auct. B. Hisp. 30; Dig. 49, 14, 3 al.—
    f.
    Alteri totidem, as many more:

    de alteris totidem scribere incipiamus,

    Varr. L. L. 8, 24 Müll. —
    g.
    To mark the similarity of one object to another in qualities, etc., a second, another (as in English, a second father, my second self, and the like). So,
    (α).
    With a proper name, used as an appellative (cf. alius, II. G.):

    Verres, alter Orcus,

    Cic. Verr. 2, 4, 50:

    alterum se Verrem putabat,

    id. ib. 5, 33 fin.:

    Hamilcar, Mars alter,

    Liv. 21, 10.—
    (β).
    With a com. noun:

    me sicut alterum parentem observat,

    Cic. Fam. 5, 8:

    altera patria,

    Flor. 2, 6, 42 al. —
    (γ).
    Alter ego, a second self, of very intimate friends (in the class. per. perh. only in Cic. Ep.; cf. ho hetairos, heteros egô, Clem. Al. 450):

    vide quam mihi persuaserim te me esse alterum,

    Cic. Fam. 7, 5:

    me alterum se fore dixit,

    id. Att. 4, 1:

    quoniam alterum me reliquissem,

    id. Fam. 2, 15; Aus. praef. 2, 15.—
    (δ).
    Alter idem, a second self, like heteroi hautoi, Arist. Eth. M. 8, 12, 3 (on account of the singularity of the expression, introduced by tamquam):

    amicus est tamquam alter idem,

    Cic. Lael. 21, 82.—
    3.
    The one of two, either of two, without a more precise designation, for alteruter:

    non uterque sed alter,

    Cic. Ac. 2, 43, 132:

    fortasse utrumque, alterum certe,

    id. Att. 11, 18:

    melius peribimus quam sine alteris vestrūm vivemus,

    Liv. 1, 13:

    nec rogarem, ut mea de vobis altera amica foret,

    Ov. A. A. 3, 520:

    ex duobus, quorum alterum petis, etc.,

    Plin. Ep. 1, 7, 3:

    ex duobus (quorum necesse est alterum verum), etc.,

    Quint. 5, 10, 69:

    ac si necesse est in alteram errare partem, maluerim etc.,

    id. 10, 1, 26; 1, 4, 24; 9, 3, 6 al.—Once also with a negative, neither of two: hos, tamquam medios, [p. 98] nec in alterius favorem inclinatos, miserat rex, Liv. 40, 20, 4.—
    II.
    Transf.
    A.
    Another of a class = alius (as opp. to one's self, to another); subst., another, a neighbor, a fellow-creature, ho pelas (so sometimes heteros, Xen. Cyr. 2, 3, 17); cf. Ochsn. Eclog. 90 and 458 (alter designates the similarity of two objects; alius a difference in the objects contrasted): SI. INIVRIAM. FAXIT. ALTERI., Fragm. XII. Tab. ap. Gell. 20, 1:

    qui alterum incusat probri, eum ipsum se intueri oportet,

    Plaut. Truc. 1, 2, 58; id. Am. prol. 84: mox dum alterius abligurias bona, quid censes dominis esse animi? Enn. ap. Don. ad Ter. Phorm. 2, 2, 25:

    ut malis gaudeant atque ex incommodis Alterius sua ut comparent commoda,

    Ter. And. 4, 1, 3: qui alteris exitium paret, etc., Att. ap. Cic. Tusc. 2, 17, 39:

    qui nihil alterius causā facit et metitur suis commodis omnia,

    Cic. Leg. 1, 14:

    ut aeque quisque altero delectetur ac se ipso,

    id. Off. 1, 17, 56; 1, 2, 4:

    scientem in errorem alterum inducere,

    id. ib. 3, 13, 55 et saep.:

    cave ne portus occupet alter,

    Hor. Ep. 1, 6, 32 Schmid.:

    nil obstet tibi, dum ne sit te ditior alter,

    id. S. 1, 1, 40; 1, 5, 33:

    canis parturiens cum rogāsset alteram, ut etc.,

    Phaedr. 1, 19:

    nec patientem sessoris alterius (equum) primus ascendit,

    Suet. Caes. 61; id. Tib. 58:

    in quo judicas alterum, te ipsum condemnas,

    Vulg. Rom. 2, 1:

    nemo quod suum est quaerat, sed quod alterius,

    ib. 1 Cor. 10, 24;

    14, 17: sic in semet ipso tantum gloriam habebit et non in altero,

    ib. Gal. 6, 4 al. —Hence, alter with a neg., or neg. question and comp., as an emphatic expression (mostly ante-class.; cf.

    alius, II. H.): scelestiorem nullum illuxere alterum,

    Plaut. Bacch. 2, 3, 22:

    scelestiorem in terrā nullam esse alteram,

    id. Cist. 4, 1, 8:

    qui me alter audacior est homo?

    id. Am. 1, 1, 1; id. Ep. 1, 1, 24.—
    B.
    The other, the opposite:

    alterius factionis principes,

    the leaders of the opposite party, Nep. Pelop. 1, 4 (cf. id. ib. 1, 2:

    adversariae factioni): studiosiorem partis alterius,

    Suet. Tib. 11. —
    C.
    In gen., different:

    quotiens te speculo videris alterum,

    Hor. C. 4, 10, 6: abeuntes post carnem alteram (Gr. heteros, q. v. L. and S. III.), Vulg. Jud. 7.—
    D.
    In the lang. of augury, euphem. for infaustus, unfavorable, unpropitious, Fest. p. 6 (v. L. and S. Gr. Lex. s. v. heteros, III. 2.).
    ► The gen.
    alterius commonly serves as gen. of alius instead of alīus, Cic. Fam. 15, 1, 1; id. Att. 1, 5, 1; 1, 20, 2; Caes. B. G. 1, 36, 1; Sall. C. 52, 8; Liv. 21, 13, 3; 22, 14, 4; 26, 8, 2; 28, 37, 6 al.; Col. 8, 17, 2; 11, 2, 87; 12, 22, 2; Sen. Ep. 72, 10; 102, 3; id. Ben. 4, 3, 1; id. Ot. Sap. 4, 1; id. Brev. Vit. 16, 2; id. Q. N. 2, 34, 1 al.; Quint. 7, 9, 8; 8, 3, 73 al.; Tac. A. 15, 25; id. H. 2, 90; Plin. Ep. 10, 114, 2; Suet. Caes. 61; id. Tib. 58 al.; Gell. 2, 28 al.—It also stands as correlative to alius:

    alius inter cenandum solutus est, alterius continuata mors somno est,

    Sen. Ep. 66, 39:

    cum inventum sit ex veris (gemmis) generis alterius in aliud falsas traducere,

    Plin. 37, 12, 75, § 197; Plin. Pan. 2, 6 (Neue, Formenl. II. p. 216).
    ► ‡ altĕras, adv.
    [alter], for alias, acc. to Paul. ex. Fest. p. 27 Müll.

    Lewis & Short latin dictionary > alter

  • 8 alteras

    alter, tĕra, tĕrum, adj. (the measure of the gen. sing. āltĕrĭŭs as paeon primus is supported in good Latin only by examples from dactylic verse (but see alterĭus in trochaic measure, Plaut. Capt. 2, 2, 56), in which īpsĭŭs, īllĭŭs, īstĭŭs, ūnĭŭs, etc., are used as dactyls; on the contr., the regular measure āltĕrīŭs, as ditrochaeus, is sufficiently confirmed by the foll. verses of Enn., Ter., and Ter. Maur.: mox cum alterīus abligurias bona, Enn. ap. Donat. ad Ter. Phorm. 2, 2, 25 (Sat. 29 Vahl.):

    alterīus sua comparent commoda? ah!

    Ter. And. 4, 1, 4:

    nec alter[imacracute]us indigéns opís veni,

    Ter. Maur. p. 2432 P.;

    and sescupló vel una víncet alter[imacracute]us singulum,

    id. ib. p. 2412 ib.; Prisc. p. 695 ib.; alterius is also commonly used as the gen. of alius, as alīus is little used (v. h. v. fin.).— Dat. sing. f.:

    alterae,

    Plaut. Rud. 3, 4, 45; Ter. Heaut. 2, 3, 30; Caes. B. G. 5, 27; Nep. Eum. 1, 6; Col. 5, 11, 10) [a comp. form of al-ius; cf. Sanscr. antara = alius; Goth. anthar; Lith. antras = secundus; Germ. ander; Gr. heteros; Engl. either, other; also Sanscr. itara = alius], the other of two, one of two, the other, ho heteros.
    I.
    Lit.
    A.
    In gen.:

    nam huic alterae patria quae sit, profecto nescio,

    Plaut. Rud. 3, 4, 45:

    necesse est enim sit alterum de duobus,

    Cic. Tusc. 1, 41, 97:

    altera ex duabus legionibus,

    Caes. B. C. 2, 20: mihi cum viris ambobus est amicitia;

    cum altero vero magnus usus,

    Cic. Clu. 42, 117:

    alter consulum,

    Liv. 40, 59:

    alter ex censoribus,

    id. 40, 52:

    in alterā parte fluminis legatum reliquit,

    on the other side, Caes. B. G. 2, 5; id. B. C. 3, 54:

    si quis te percusserit in dexteram maxillam tuam, praebe illi et alteram,

    Vulg. Matt. 5, 39; 28, 1.—Hence: alter ambove, one or both; commonly in the abbreviation:

    A. A. S. E. V. = alter ambove si eis videretur: utique C. Pansa, A. Hirtius consules alter ambove S. E. V. rationem agri habeant,

    Cic. Phil. 5 fin. Wernsd.; cf. id. ib. 8, 11; 9, 7 fin.; 14, 14 fin.; cf.

    Brison. Form. pp. 218 and 219: absente consulum altero ambobusve,

    Liv. 30, 23: ambo alterve, S. C. ap. Front. Aquaed. 100 fin. —
    B.
    Esp.
    1.
    a.. In distributive clauses: alter... alter, the one... the other (cf. alius, II. A.): ho heteros... ho heteros:

    Si duobus praefurniis coques, lacunā nihil opus erit. Cum cinere eruto opus erit, altero praefurnio eruito, in altero ignis erit,

    Cato, R. R. 38, 9:

    alteram ille amat sororem, ego alteram,

    Plaut. Bacch. 4, 4, 68; id. Am. 1, 2, 19; 1, 2, 20; Ter. Ad. 1, 2, 50:

    quorum alter exercitum perdidit, alter vendidit,

    Cic. Planc. 35; so id. Rosc. Am. 6, 16: namque alterā ex parte Bellovaci instabant;

    alteram Camulogenus tenebat,

    Caes. B. G. 7, 59 Herz.:

    conjunxit alteram (cortinam) alteri,

    Vulg. Exod. 36, 10; 36, 22; ib. Joan. 13, 14; ib. Rom. 12, 5.—
    b.
    In same sense, unus... alter, one... the other, as in later Gr. heis men... heteros de: vitis insitio una est per ver, altera est cum uva floret;

    ea optima est,

    Cato, R. R. 41, 1: Phorm. Una injuria est tecum. Chrem. Lege agito ergo. Phorm. Altera est tecum, Ter. Phorm. 5, 8, 90: uni epistolae respondi;

    venio ad alteram,

    Cic. Fam. 2, 17, 6:

    nomen uni Ada, et nomen alteri Sella,

    Vulg. Gen. 4, 19; ib. Matt. 6, 24:

    Erant duae factiones, quarum una populi causam agebat, altera optimatium,

    Nep. Phoc. 3, 1; Liv. 31, 21:

    consules coepere duo creari, ut si unus malus esse voluisset, alter eum coërceret,

    Eutr. 1, 8:

    Duo homines ascenderunt in templum, unus pharisaeus et alter publicanus,

    Vulg. Luc. 18, 10 al. —
    c.
    Sometimes a subst., or hic, ille, etc., stands in the place of the second alter:

    Epaminondas... Leonidas: quorum alter, etc... Leonidas autem, etc.,

    Cic. Fin. 2, 30, 97; so Vell. 2, 71, 3:

    alter gladiator habetur, hic autem, etc.,

    Cic. Rosc. Am. 6, 17:

    quorum alteri Capitoni cognomen est, iste, qui adest, magnus vocatur,

    id. ib.:

    alterum corporis aegritudo, illum, etc.,

    Flor. 4, 7.—Sometimes
    (α).
    one alter is entirely omitted (cf. alius, II. A.; heteros, L. and S. I. 2.):

    duae turmae haesere: altera metu dedita hosti, pertinacior (sc. altera), etc.,

    Liv. 29, 33:

    hujus lateris alter angulus ad orientem solem, inferior ad meridiem spectat,

    Caes. B. G. 5, 13; or
    (β).
    the form changed:

    dialecticam adjungunt et physicam, alteram quod habeat rationem.... Physicae quoque etc.,

    Cic. Fin. 3, 21, 72, and 3, 22, 73. —Sometimes a further distributive word is added:

    alter adulescens decessit, alter senex, aliquis praeter hos infans,

    Sen. Ep. 66, 39:

    alter in vincula ducitur, alter insperatae praeficitur potestati, alius etc.,

    Amm. 14, 11.—
    d.
    In plur.: nec ad vivos pertineat, nec ad mortuos;

    alteri nulli sunt, alteros non attinget,

    Cic. Tusc. 1, 38, 91:

    alteri dimicant, alteri victorem timent,

    id. Fam. 6, 3: binas a te accepi litteras; quarum alteris mihi gratulabare... alteris dicebas etc., in one of which,... in the other, id. ib. 4, 14:

    quorum alteri adjuvabant, alteri etc.,

    Caes. B. G. 7, 17: duplices similitudines, unae rerum, alterae verborum, Auct. ad Her. 3, 20. —
    e.
    The second alter in a different case:

    alter alterius ova frangit,

    Cic. N. D. 2, 49:

    uterque numerus plenus, alter alterā de causā habetur,

    Macr. Somn. Scip. 2:

    qui noxii ambo, alter in alterum causam conferant,

    Liv. 5, 11:

    alteri alteros aliquantum attriverant,

    Sall. J. 79, 4; so id. ib. 42, 4;

    53, 7 al. —Also with alteruter: ne alteruter alterum praeoccuparet,

    Nep. Dion. 4, 1.—With unus:

    quom inter nos sorderemus unus alteri,

    Plaut. Truc. 2, 4, 30:

    dicunt unus ad alterum,

    Vulg. Ez. 33, 30:

    ne unus adversus alterum infletur pro alio,

    ib. 1 Cor. 4, 6.—With uterque:

    uterque suo studio delectatus contempsit alterum,

    Cic. Off. 1, 1, 4:

    utrique alteris freti finitimos sub imperium suum coëgere,

    Sall. J. 18, 12.—With nemo, nullus, neuter:

    ut nemo sit alteri similis,

    Quint. 2, 9, 2:

    cum tot saeculis nulla referta sit causa, quae esset tota alteri similis,

    id. 7, prooem. 4:

    neutrum eorum contra alterum juvare,

    Caes. B. C. 1, 1, 3:

    ut neutra alteri officiat,

    Quint. 1, 1, 3.—After two substt., the first alter generally refers to the first subst., and the second to the second:

    Philippum rebus gestis superatum a filio, facilitate video superiorem fuisse. Itaque alter semper magnus, alter saepe turpissimus,

    Cic. Off. 1, 26; cf. Plaut. Am. 1, 2, 21; Brem. ad Suet. Claud. 20.—Sometimes the order is reversed: contra nos (summa gratia et eloquentia) raciunt in hoc tempore;

    quarum alteram (i. e. eloquentiam) vereor, alteram (i. e. gratiam) metuo,

    Cic. Quinct. 1; so id. Off. 3, 18; 1, 12; cf. Spald. ad Quint. 9, 2, 6.—
    2.
    As a numeral = secundus, the second, the next, o heteros:

    primo die, alter dies, tertius dies, deinde reliquis diebus etc.,

    Cic. Verr. 2, 1, 7:

    proximo, altero, tertio, reliquis consecutis diebus non intermittebas etc.,

    id. Phil. 1, 13 Wernsd.:

    quadriennio post alterum consulatum,

    id. Sen. 9:

    die altero,

    Vulg. Jos. 10, 32: alteris Te mensis adhibet deum, i. e. at the dessert (= mensā secundā), Hor. C. 4, 5, 31.—So, alterā die, the next day, têi allêi hêmerai, têi heterai:

    se alterā die ad conloquium venturum,

    Caes. B. C. 3, 19; Vulg. Gen. 19, 34; ib. Matt. 27, 62:

    die altero,

    ib. Num. 11, 32; ib. Jos. 5, 11 al.—So in comparative sense:

    alterā die quam a Brindisio solvit, in Macedoniam trajecit,

    Liv. 31, 14; Suet. Vit. 3:

    intermittere diem alterum quemque oportet,

    every other day, Cels. 3, 23; 3, 13; 4, 12:

    Olea non continuis annis, sed fere altero quoque fructum adfert,

    Col. R. R. 5, 8.—With prepp.:

    qui (Ptolemaeus) tum regnabat alter post Alexandream conditam,

    next after, Cic. Off. 2, 23, 82; so, fortunate puer, tu nunc eris alter ab illo, the second or next after him, Verg. E. 5, 49:

    alter ab undecimo jam tum me ceperat annus,

    id. ib. 8, 39.—Hence,
    b.
    Also with tens, hundreds, etc.:

    accepi tuas litteras, quas mihi Cornificius altero vicesimo die reddidit,

    on the twenty-second day, Cic. Fam. 12, 25 Manut.:

    anno trecentesimo altero quam condita Roma erat,

    in the three hundred and second year, Liv. 3, 33:

    vicesima et altera laedit,

    Manil. 4, 466.—
    c.
    So of a number collectively:

    remissarios pedum XII., alteros pedum X.,

    a second ten, Cato, R. R. 19, 2:

    ad Brutum hos libros alteros quinque mittemus,

    Cic. Tusc. 5, 41, 121:

    basia mille, deinde centum, dein mille altera, dein secunda centum,

    Cat. 5, 7.—So with the numeral understood: aurea mala decem misi;

    cras altera (sc. decem) mittam,

    a second ten, Verg. E. 3, 71.—Hence,
    d.
    Unus et alter, unus atque alter, unus alterque, the one and the other.
    (α).
    For two (as in Gr. heis kai heteros):

    unus et alter dies intercesserat,

    Cic. Clu. 26:

    adductus sum tuis unis et alteris litteris,

    id. Att. 14, 18:

    et sub eā versus unus et alter erunt,

    Ov. H. 15, 182; so Suet. Tib. 63; id. Calig. 56; id. Claud. 12 (cf. id. Gram. 24: unum vel alterum, vel, cum plurimos, tres aut quattuor admittere).—
    (β).
    More freq. of an indef. number, one and another; and: unusalterve, one or two:

    Unus et item alter,

    Ter. And. 1, 1, 50:

    mora si quem tibi item unum alterumve diem abstulerit,

    Cic. Fam. 3, 9; so id. Clu. 13, 38; 13, 26:

    versus paulo concinnior unus et alter,

    Hor. Ep. 2, 1, 74; so id. S. 1, 6, 102; 2, 5, 24; id. A. P. 15:

    ex illis unus et alter ait,

    Ov. F. 2, 394; id. Am. 2, 5, 22; Petr. 108; Plin. Pan. 45 Schwarz; cf. id. ib. 52, 2; Suet. Caes. 20; id. Galb. 14 al.:

    paucis loricae, vix uni alterive cassis aut galea,

    Tac. G. 6.—
    e.
    Alterum tantum, as much more or again, twice as much (cf. Gr. heteron tosouton or hetera tosauta):

    etiamsi alterum tantum perdundum est, perdam potius quam sinam, etc.,

    Plaut. Ep. 3, 4, 81; so id. Bacch. 5, 2, 65:

    altero tanto aut sesqui major,

    Cic. Or. 56, 188:

    altero tanto longior,

    Nep. Eum. 8, 5; so Dig. 28, 2, 13:

    numero tantum alterum adjecit,

    Liv. 1, 36; so id. 10, 46; Auct. B. Hisp. 30; Dig. 49, 14, 3 al.—
    f.
    Alteri totidem, as many more:

    de alteris totidem scribere incipiamus,

    Varr. L. L. 8, 24 Müll. —
    g.
    To mark the similarity of one object to another in qualities, etc., a second, another (as in English, a second father, my second self, and the like). So,
    (α).
    With a proper name, used as an appellative (cf. alius, II. G.):

    Verres, alter Orcus,

    Cic. Verr. 2, 4, 50:

    alterum se Verrem putabat,

    id. ib. 5, 33 fin.:

    Hamilcar, Mars alter,

    Liv. 21, 10.—
    (β).
    With a com. noun:

    me sicut alterum parentem observat,

    Cic. Fam. 5, 8:

    altera patria,

    Flor. 2, 6, 42 al. —
    (γ).
    Alter ego, a second self, of very intimate friends (in the class. per. perh. only in Cic. Ep.; cf. ho hetairos, heteros egô, Clem. Al. 450):

    vide quam mihi persuaserim te me esse alterum,

    Cic. Fam. 7, 5:

    me alterum se fore dixit,

    id. Att. 4, 1:

    quoniam alterum me reliquissem,

    id. Fam. 2, 15; Aus. praef. 2, 15.—
    (δ).
    Alter idem, a second self, like heteroi hautoi, Arist. Eth. M. 8, 12, 3 (on account of the singularity of the expression, introduced by tamquam):

    amicus est tamquam alter idem,

    Cic. Lael. 21, 82.—
    3.
    The one of two, either of two, without a more precise designation, for alteruter:

    non uterque sed alter,

    Cic. Ac. 2, 43, 132:

    fortasse utrumque, alterum certe,

    id. Att. 11, 18:

    melius peribimus quam sine alteris vestrūm vivemus,

    Liv. 1, 13:

    nec rogarem, ut mea de vobis altera amica foret,

    Ov. A. A. 3, 520:

    ex duobus, quorum alterum petis, etc.,

    Plin. Ep. 1, 7, 3:

    ex duobus (quorum necesse est alterum verum), etc.,

    Quint. 5, 10, 69:

    ac si necesse est in alteram errare partem, maluerim etc.,

    id. 10, 1, 26; 1, 4, 24; 9, 3, 6 al.—Once also with a negative, neither of two: hos, tamquam medios, [p. 98] nec in alterius favorem inclinatos, miserat rex, Liv. 40, 20, 4.—
    II.
    Transf.
    A.
    Another of a class = alius (as opp. to one's self, to another); subst., another, a neighbor, a fellow-creature, ho pelas (so sometimes heteros, Xen. Cyr. 2, 3, 17); cf. Ochsn. Eclog. 90 and 458 (alter designates the similarity of two objects; alius a difference in the objects contrasted): SI. INIVRIAM. FAXIT. ALTERI., Fragm. XII. Tab. ap. Gell. 20, 1:

    qui alterum incusat probri, eum ipsum se intueri oportet,

    Plaut. Truc. 1, 2, 58; id. Am. prol. 84: mox dum alterius abligurias bona, quid censes dominis esse animi? Enn. ap. Don. ad Ter. Phorm. 2, 2, 25:

    ut malis gaudeant atque ex incommodis Alterius sua ut comparent commoda,

    Ter. And. 4, 1, 3: qui alteris exitium paret, etc., Att. ap. Cic. Tusc. 2, 17, 39:

    qui nihil alterius causā facit et metitur suis commodis omnia,

    Cic. Leg. 1, 14:

    ut aeque quisque altero delectetur ac se ipso,

    id. Off. 1, 17, 56; 1, 2, 4:

    scientem in errorem alterum inducere,

    id. ib. 3, 13, 55 et saep.:

    cave ne portus occupet alter,

    Hor. Ep. 1, 6, 32 Schmid.:

    nil obstet tibi, dum ne sit te ditior alter,

    id. S. 1, 1, 40; 1, 5, 33:

    canis parturiens cum rogāsset alteram, ut etc.,

    Phaedr. 1, 19:

    nec patientem sessoris alterius (equum) primus ascendit,

    Suet. Caes. 61; id. Tib. 58:

    in quo judicas alterum, te ipsum condemnas,

    Vulg. Rom. 2, 1:

    nemo quod suum est quaerat, sed quod alterius,

    ib. 1 Cor. 10, 24;

    14, 17: sic in semet ipso tantum gloriam habebit et non in altero,

    ib. Gal. 6, 4 al. —Hence, alter with a neg., or neg. question and comp., as an emphatic expression (mostly ante-class.; cf.

    alius, II. H.): scelestiorem nullum illuxere alterum,

    Plaut. Bacch. 2, 3, 22:

    scelestiorem in terrā nullam esse alteram,

    id. Cist. 4, 1, 8:

    qui me alter audacior est homo?

    id. Am. 1, 1, 1; id. Ep. 1, 1, 24.—
    B.
    The other, the opposite:

    alterius factionis principes,

    the leaders of the opposite party, Nep. Pelop. 1, 4 (cf. id. ib. 1, 2:

    adversariae factioni): studiosiorem partis alterius,

    Suet. Tib. 11. —
    C.
    In gen., different:

    quotiens te speculo videris alterum,

    Hor. C. 4, 10, 6: abeuntes post carnem alteram (Gr. heteros, q. v. L. and S. III.), Vulg. Jud. 7.—
    D.
    In the lang. of augury, euphem. for infaustus, unfavorable, unpropitious, Fest. p. 6 (v. L. and S. Gr. Lex. s. v. heteros, III. 2.).
    ► The gen.
    alterius commonly serves as gen. of alius instead of alīus, Cic. Fam. 15, 1, 1; id. Att. 1, 5, 1; 1, 20, 2; Caes. B. G. 1, 36, 1; Sall. C. 52, 8; Liv. 21, 13, 3; 22, 14, 4; 26, 8, 2; 28, 37, 6 al.; Col. 8, 17, 2; 11, 2, 87; 12, 22, 2; Sen. Ep. 72, 10; 102, 3; id. Ben. 4, 3, 1; id. Ot. Sap. 4, 1; id. Brev. Vit. 16, 2; id. Q. N. 2, 34, 1 al.; Quint. 7, 9, 8; 8, 3, 73 al.; Tac. A. 15, 25; id. H. 2, 90; Plin. Ep. 10, 114, 2; Suet. Caes. 61; id. Tib. 58 al.; Gell. 2, 28 al.—It also stands as correlative to alius:

    alius inter cenandum solutus est, alterius continuata mors somno est,

    Sen. Ep. 66, 39:

    cum inventum sit ex veris (gemmis) generis alterius in aliud falsas traducere,

    Plin. 37, 12, 75, § 197; Plin. Pan. 2, 6 (Neue, Formenl. II. p. 216).
    ► ‡ altĕras, adv.
    [alter], for alias, acc. to Paul. ex. Fest. p. 27 Müll.

    Lewis & Short latin dictionary > alteras

  • 9 adfīnis

        adfīnis is, m and f    a connection by marriage: si me alienus adfinem volet, wants to marry into my family, T.: adfinem reppulisti. —Connected with, sharing, accessory to, implicated in: turpitudini: sceleri: illarum rerum, T.: huius suspitionis.
    * * *
    I
    relation (by marriage); neighbor; accomplice
    II
    adfinis, adfine ADJ
    neighboring, adjacent, next, bordering; related (marriage), akin, connected

    Latin-English dictionary > adfīnis

  • 10 affinis

    I
    relation (by marriage); neighbor; accomplice
    II
    affinis, affine ADJ
    neighboring, adjacent, next, bordering; related (marriage), akin, connected

    Latin-English dictionary > affinis

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